The correct statement among the following options is "Investments with internal rates of return greater than their costs of capital should be accepted".
The internal rate of return (IRR) is the interest rate at which a given investment's net present value (NPV) equals zero. The internal rate of return is used to assess the potential profitability of a company or investment. It compares the expected cash inflows to the expected cash outflows to determine if an investment is viable. If the IRR is higher than the company's cost of capital, the investment may be worthwhile.Investments with IRRs higher than their cost of capital should be considered because they create more value than they cost. When comparing investment opportunities, the IRR metric can be used as a screening tool. In comparison to the cost of capital, which is the minimum return required to justify an investment, investments with a higher IRR offer greater value for money. The investment with an initial capital outlay of $90 and a cash flow of $100 in one year and an internal rate of return of 10% satisfies the condition, which means that it has an IRR that is greater than the cost of capital, and the investment should be accepted.
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Using the Minimum cost in this transportation problem to construct the first tableau, the Z is? A B с D E Total: X 8 6 3 7 5 20 Y 5 10 8 4 30 Z 8 7 30 Total 20 20 6 25 a. Z = $400 b.Z = $390 OCZ = $2
allocating X(1,2) and updating the transportation matrix, the final solution is represented as follows:X B C D E Total Y 0 0 0 7 5 12 5 10 8 0 27 Z 8 0 22 Total 370Thus the answer is Z = $400.So correct answer is A
Step 1: Subtract the smallest element in the row from all the elements of that row.Step 2: Subtract the smallest element in the column from all the elements of that column.Step 3: Select the smallest uncovered element, say a(i,j).Step 4: Allocate as much as possible, say x, units of the item i to the destination j.Step 5: Subtract x from the corresponding row and column and cross out the row or column if all the items in that row or column are allocated.Step 6: Repeat Steps 3 to 5 till all the items are allocated.The initial allocation is represented as follows:X B C D E Total Y 8 6 3 7 5 20 5 10 8 4 30 Z 8 7 30 Total 20 20 6 25 Using this algorithm we can get the minimum cost as follows:X B C D E Total Y 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 10 Z 0 3 6 Total 80Thus the initial solution is X(1,1) = 8, X(1,2) = 6, X(2,5) = 30, X(3,2) = 7 with the minimum cost of $80. Now to construct the first tableau we need to find the opportunity costs and the matrix of costs after the initial allocation.X B C D E Total Y 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 10 Z 0 3 6 Total 80Now, to find the opportunity costs we can use the formula for calculating the opportunity cost as follows:OC(i,j) = c(i,j) - u(i) - v(j)where c(i,j) represents the cost of transportation and u(i) and v(j) represent the penalty associated with the ith row and jth column respectively. We know that the value of u(1) = 0 (The penalty associated with the first row is always zero
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5) The LC term for the seller's bank is the _____bank. c) payer's a) applicants b) confirming d) receiver's e) beneficiary's f) opening
The LC term for the seller's bank is the confirming bank.
In a Letter of Credit (LC) transaction, the confirming bank plays a crucial role. It is the bank that adds its confirmation to the LC issued by the issuing bank, thereby providing an additional layer of guarantee to the seller (beneficiary). The confirming bank ensures that the payment will be made by the issuing bank as long as the seller complies with the terms and conditions of the LC.
By confirming the LC, the bank takes on the responsibility of payment, even if the issuing bank or the buyer fails to fulfill their obligations. This confirmation gives the seller an assurance of payment, mitigating the risk of non-payment. Hence, the LC term for the seller's bank is the confirming bank.
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Explain clearly in detail two disadvantages (two different
drawbacks) in using an ERP.
ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems are widely used in businesses to manage various functions such as accounting, inventory management, human resources, and more.
However, there are some disadvantages associated with the use of ERP systems. Two major disadvantages are:
High Implementation Cost: One of the primary drawbacks of using an ERP system is the high implementation cost. Implementing an ERP system requires considerable investment in hardware, software licenses, customization, training, and consulting fees. For small and medium-sized businesses, the cost of implementing an ERP system can be prohibitive. Even for large organizations, the costs can be substantial, especially if the system needs to be customized to meet specific business requirements.
Complexity and Rigidity: ERP systems are complex and can be difficult to customize, making it challenging to adapt to changing business requirements. Many ERP systems have rigid processes that cannot be easily modified, which can lead to bottlenecks and delays in completing business processes. The complexity of the system also makes it challenging to train employees to use the system effectively, leading to a longer learning curve and potential errors in data entry.
In summary, while ERP systems offer many benefits, they do come with some disadvantages such as high implementation costs and rigid complexity that may make them less attractive to some businesses.
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Which of the following would not be included in the inventory purchases budget? Multiple Choice Desired ending inventory Budgeted cost of goods sold Cash collections Required purchases
The cash collections would not be included in the inventory purchases budget. This is because the inventory purchases budget is a statement prepared by the organization's management that lists the amount of inventory to be bought or bought for a particular duration.
It depends on the estimated revenue level, estimated selling price, and required inventory levels. Also, it calculates the amount of inventory required to be purchased during the period.A budget is a financial tool used by companies to forecast future earnings and expenditures based on historical data and anticipated revenue or sales growth. Budgets may be established for a variety of purposes, such as estimating revenue, forecasting expenditures, and forecasting profits. The inventory purchases budget is used to estimate the amount of inventory that must be purchased to meet customer demand while keeping desired inventory levels.The following items would be included in the inventory purchases budget:Desired ending inventoryBudgeted cost of goods soldRequired purchasesBudgeted cost of goods sold is the cost of producing or acquiring a product. The inventory purchases budget assists in determining the inventory level and the amount of money required to buy new stock while maintaining optimal inventory levels to meet consumer demand.
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ew Policies urrent Attempt in Progress Marin Inc. had the following transactions in May, its first month of business: (a) Calculate profit for May using cash basis accounting. Calculate profit for May
To calculate the profit for May using cash basis accounting, we need to consider the cash inflows and outflows during that month.
Cash basis accounting recognizes revenue and expenses when cash is received or paid, respectively. Here are the transactions for Marin Inc. in May: To calculate the profit for May using cash basis accounting, we need to subtract the total cash expenses from the total cash sales: Total cash sales: $5,000 Total cash expenses: $1,200 + $500 + $300 + $2,000 + $400 = $4,400 Profit = Total cash sales - Total cash expenses Profit = $5,000 - $4,400 Profit = $600 Therefore, the profit for May, based on cash basis accounting, is $600.
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What will be your annual payment if you take now a loan of $148,000 with annual equal repayments over the next 10 years?i
So, the annual payment for a loan of 148,000 with annual equal repayments over 10 years is 7,400.
To calculate the annual payment for a loan with annual equal repayments over 10 years, we need to use the formula:
Annual payment = (Principal x Rate) / (1 - (1 + Rate)[tex])^{-n[/tex]
here:
Principal is the amount of the loan
Rate is the annual interest rate
n is the number of payments (in this case, 10)
Using this formula, we can calculate the annual payment for a loan of $148,000 with annual equal repayments over 10 years as follows:
Annual payment = (148,000 x 5%) / (1 - (1 + 5%[tex])^{-10})[/tex]
Annual payment = $7,400
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Please discuss some areas of the law that impacts
business cases as listed in your Summary of Laws PowerPoint. Which
areas do you find interesting? Do you have any experience with
these areas of the l
Information on some areas of the law that impact business cases as listed in a summary of laws PowerPoint:
Contract Law: This is a legal area that governs agreements between parties. It includes formation, performance, and breach of contracts.
Business Organizations: This area deals with the formation and management of businesses, including partnerships, corporations, and limited liability companies.
Employment Law: This is a branch of law that governs employer-employee relationships. It covers hiring practices, working conditions, wages and hours, discrimination, and termination.
Intellectual Property Law: This branch of law protects patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets. It involves infringement, licensing, and registration.
Antitrust Law: This area aims to promote fair competition and prevent monopolies or price-fixing.
Securities Law: This branch regulates the issuance and trading of stocks and other securities.
Environmental Law: This area deals with regulations to protect the environment, including air and water pollution, hazardous waste disposal, and endangered species protection.
I find intellectual property law and employment law particularly interesting because they are constantly evolving due to technological advancements and changes in society.
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the development of strong customer relationships is strongly influenced by:____
The development of strong customer relationships is strongly influenced by several factors, including excellent customer service, effective communication, consistent delivery of quality products or services, personalized attention, and a willingness to go above and beyond to meet the needs and expectations of customers.
Additionally, building trust, establishing a strong brand reputation, and fostering a sense of loyalty among customers are also key factors that contribute to the development of strong customer relationships. Ultimately, maintaining a customer-centric approach and prioritizing the needs and preferences of customers is crucial for building and sustaining long-term relationships.
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Which of the following is NOT a governmental power over private property? Taxation Echeat Reversion Eminent domain Urban sprawl is said to cause crime. urban decay and abandonment. air pollution. All of the above are correct. An overreaction by developers in response to a change in demand typically results in an increase in values. a decrease in vacancies. a decrease in value with a decrease in vacancies. a decrease in rents with an increase in vacancies. The advantage one locality has over another because of transportation, natural resources or labor force is known as economic base. comparative advantage. gentrification. market stability.
The οptiοn "Gentrificatiοn" is nοt a term related tο the advantage οne lοcality has οver anοther because οf transpοrtatiοn, natural resοurces, οr a labοr fοrce.Therefοre, the cοrrect answer is "Gentrificatiοn.
What is Gentrificatiοn?Gentrificatiοn refers tο the prοcess οf revitalizatiοn οr renοvatiοn οf a neighbοurhοοd οr urban area, typically characterized by an influx οf wealthier residents, businesses, and infrastructure imprοvements. It οften invοlves the renοvatiοn and restοratiοn οf οlder buildings, increased prοperty values, and changes in the sοciοecοnοmic cοmpοsitiοn οf the area.
Gentrificatiοn can have bοth pοsitive and negative impacts, as it can lead tο ecοnοmic grοwth, imprοved amenities, and increased prοperty values but can alsο result in the displacement οf lοwer-incοme residents and the lοss οf the neighbοrhοοd's οriginal character and affοrdability.
The οptiοn "Gentrificatiοn" is nοt a term related tο the advantage οne lοcality has οver anοther because οf transpοrtatiοn, natural resοurces, οr a labοr fοrce. Gentrificatiοn refers tο the prοcess οf renοvating and imprοving a neighbοrhοοd, οften leading tο an influx οf wealthier residents and changes in the character οf the area. Therefοre, the cοrrect answer is "Gentrificatiοn.
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Answer:
The οptiοn "Gentrificatiοn" is nοt a term related tο the advantage οne lοcality has οver anοther because οf transpοrtatiοn, natural resοurces, οr a labοr fοrce.Therefοre, the cοrrect answer is "Gentrificatiοn.
What is Gentrificatiοn?
Gentrificatiοn refers tο the prοcess οf revitalizatiοn οr renοvatiοn οf a neighbοurhοοd οr urban area, typically characterized by an influx οf wealthier residents, businesses, and infrastructure imprοvements. It οften invοlves the renοvatiοn and restοratiοn οf οlder buildings, increased prοperty values, and changes in the sοciοecοnοmic cοmpοsitiοn οf the area.
Gentrificatiοn can have bοth pοsitive and negative impacts, as it can lead tο ecοnοmic grοwth, imprοved amenities, and increased prοperty values but can alsο result in the displacement οf lοwer-incοme residents and the lοss οf the neighbοrhοοd's οriginal character and affοrdability.
The οptiοn "Gentrificatiοn" is nοt a term related tο the advantage οne lοcality has οver anοther because οf transpοrtatiοn, natural resοurces, οr a labοr fοrce. Gentrificatiοn refers tο the prοcess οf renοvating and imprοving a neighbοrhοοd, οften leading tο an influx οf wealthier residents and changes in the character οf the area. Therefοre, the cοrrect answer is "Gentrificatiοn.
Explanation:
what type of industry is likely to use a job order cost system
A job order cost system is a type of accounting system that is used by companies that produce custom or unique products or services.
This system is particularly well-suited for industries that manufacture products in small batches or one-of-a-kind items, rather than mass-produced goods.
Industries that are likely to use a job order cost system include:
Construction: Companies in the construction industry often use a job order cost system to track the costs associated with individual projects, such as building a new home or office building.
Manufacturing: Companies that produce goods in small batches or on a made-to-order basis, such as custom furniture manufacturers or specialty food producers, may also use a job order cost system.
Printing: Print shops that produce custom print jobs, such as wedding invitations or business cards, often use a job order cost system to track the materials and labor costs associated with each job.
Film and video production: Companies in the film and video production industry often use a job order cost system to track the costs associated with producing individual movies, TV shows, or commercials.
In general, any industry that produces custom or unique products or services is likely to use a job order cost system to track the costs associated with each project or job.
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What should be done in an organization to prevent the
destruction of electronic evidence by employees?
To prevent the destruction of electronic evidence by employees in an organization, several measures should be implemented, including:
Clear Policies and Guidelines: Establish comprehensive policies and guidelines that outline the importance of preserving electronic evidence and the consequences of its destruction.
Employee Education and Training: Conduct regular training sessions to educate employees about the significance of electronic evidence preservation, the legal implications, and the proper procedures to follow.
Access Control and Monitoring: Implement strict access controls and monitoring systems to restrict unauthorized access to sensitive data and track any modifications or deletions made by employees.
Data Backup and Recovery: Maintain regular backups of electronic evidence and store them securely offsite or in the cloud. This ensures that evidence can be restored if it is accidentally or maliciously destroyed.
Document Retention Policies: Develop clear document retention policies that define the required duration for preserving electronic evidence, taking into account legal and regulatory requirements.
Organizations should have clear policies and guidelines in place to emphasize the importance of preserving electronic evidence. These policies should clearly outline the potential legal consequences for employees who intentionally destroy evidence. Regular education and training programs should be conducted to ensure employees understand the significance of preserving electronic evidence and the proper procedures to follow.
Implementing access control and monitoring systems helps restrict unauthorized access to sensitive data and allows organizations to track any modifications or deletions made by employees. This enables timely detection of any suspicious activities and helps prevent the destruction of evidence.
Regular backups of electronic evidence should be maintained to protect against accidental or intentional destruction. Storing backups offsite or in the cloud ensures that evidence can be recovered if the original data is compromised or destroyed.
By implementing clear policies, providing employee education and training, implementing access controls and monitoring systems, maintaining backups, and establishing document retention policies, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of employees destroying electronic evidence. These measures create a culture of accountability, awareness, and compliance, ensuring that electronic evidence is preserved intact and available for any legal or investigative purposes that may arise.
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the primary business of warren buffet's berkshire hathaway is:
The primary business of Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway is investing in and acquiring other companies.
Berkshire Hathaway is a conglomerate holding company, meaning that it owns several subsidiary companies in various industries such as insurance, energy, railroad, retail, manufacturing, and more. The company's core business strategy is to invest in companies with strong fundamentals and long-term growth potential while retaining a significant stake in the ownership of these businesses.
Additionally, Berkshire Hathaway also holds significant investments in publicly traded companies such as Apple, Coca-Cola, and American Express.
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Several methods can be used to compute the intrinsic value of a share of a company's common stock. One method uses the free cash flow (FCF) valuation model, while the another method uses the dividend discount model value-as the sum of The FCF valuation model computes ___ a firm's the value of its ___ operating activities (Vop) and the value of firm's nonoperating ___ value-also called its here: Vop is computed by ___ cost of capital A firm's nonoperating assets include its highly marketable ___ invests its temporaily available excess cash, and its investments in other businesses. the firm's expected future free cash flows by its weighted average securities in which a firmm Which of the following statements about the FCF valuation model are true? The FCF valuation model recognizes that a firm's value is a function of its risk-including its use of debt and equity financing and the markets in which it operates A company's FCFs are a function of how efficiently and effectively the firm's managers use the company's operating assets and, in turn, the profitability of the company's primary business activities The model is useful because it provides its decision-makers with insights into the quality of their decision-making, as measured by the intrinsic value of their company The model can only be used to value companies-but not their component divisions or other smaller operating units
The FCF valuation model computes the intrinsic value of a company's common stock by considering the value of its operating activities (Vop) and the value of its nonoperating assets.
Vop is calculated by discounting the firm's expected future free cash flows by its weighted average cost of capital. The model recognizes that a firm's value is influenced by its risk profile, including its use of debt and equity financing, as well as the markets in which it operates. It also takes into account the efficiency and effectiveness of the firm's managers in utilizing operating assets and generating profitability from its primary business activities. The FCF valuation model provides decision-makers with insights into the quality of their decision-making by assessing the intrinsic value of the company. However, it is important to note that the model is primarily used to value companies as a whole and may not be suitable for valuing component divisions or smaller operating units separately.
In summary, the FCF valuation model considers both the operating and nonoperating aspects of a company to determine its intrinsic value. It acknowledges the impact of risk, the efficiency of managerial decision-making, and provides valuable insights to decision-makers. However, it is limited to valuing companies as a whole rather than individual divisions or smaller units within the company.
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Which statement is true? O a. Firms may decide to "do nothing" and simply accept the risk to occur. O b. Firms typically prioritize high impact risks only. O c. Risk mitigation strategies are always c
The true statement among the given options for the firms is "Risk mitigation strategies are always considered."
The statement "Firms may decide to 'do nothing' and simply accept the risk to occur" is incorrect because most firms have policies and strategies in place to mitigate risks. If a risk is identified, it is typically addressed in some way, rather than being ignored. Additionally, the statement "Firms typically prioritize high impact risks only" is incorrect because firms often prioritize risks based on both their likelihood and their potential impact. Finally, the statement "Risk mitigation strategies are always considered" is true. Whenever risks are identified, firms typically consider different strategies to mitigate them, including avoiding the risk, transferring the risk, reducing the risk, or accepting the risk.
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The following account balances were drawn from the 2013 financial statements of Gunn Company Cash $4,400 Accounts Receivable 1,500 Land 8,000 Accounts Payable 1,250 Common Stock ? Retained Earnings, Jan 1 2,700 Revenue 9,500 Expenses 7,250 Based on the above information, what is the balance of Common Stock for Gunn Company? a. $9,950 b. $10,400 C. $7,700 d. $450
b. The balance of Common Stock for Gunn Company is $10,400.
What is the balance of Common Stock for Gunn Company?The balance of Common Stock for Gunn Company is $10,400. Common Stock is a component of shareholders' equity and represents the initial investment made by the owners of the company.
To determine the balance of Common Stock, we need to consider the formula: Common Stock = Common Stock (beginning balance) + Additional Paid-in Capital + Common Stock Issued - Common Stock Repurchased. In this case, we have the beginning balance of Common Stock missing, but we can calculate it by using the formula: Common Stock (beginning balance) = Total Stockholders' Equity - Retained Earnings (beginning balance). From the given information, we know that the Retained Earnings, Jan 1 is $2,700.
To calculate the Total Stockholders' Equity, we need to add the Retained Earnings, Jan 1 and the Net Income (Revenue - Expenses). The Net Income is $9,500 - $7,250 = $2,250. Therefore, Total Stockholders' Equity is $2,700 + $2,250 = $4,950. Now, we can calculate the Common Stock (beginning balance) as $4,950 - $2,700 = $2,250.
Adding the Common Stock (beginning balance) to the Common Stock Issued, we get $2,250 + $10,400 = $12,650. Since there is no information about Common Stock Repurchased or Additional Paid-in Capital, we can assume they are zero. Hence, the balance of Common Stock for Gunn Company is $10,400.
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How much of a monthly payment of $91.68 goes toward principal
when the interest paid is $15.00?
$76.68 of the monthly payment goes toward the principal.
Principal is most commonly used to refer to the original sum of money borrowed in a loan or put into an investment. It can also refer to the face value of a bond, the owner of a private company, or the chief participant in a transaction.
To determine the portion of the monthly payment that goes toward the principal, we need to subtract the interest paid from the total monthly payment.
Total monthly payment: $91.68
Interest paid: $15.00
Principal payment = Total monthly payment - Interest paid
Principal payment = $91.68 - $15.00
Principal payment = $76.68
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Discuss the legal and the ethical issues in workplace, and the
best way to resolve it.
Legal and ethical issues in the workplace can arise in various forms, and addressing them appropriately is crucial for maintaining a healthy and productive work environment.
The environment refers to the sum total of all the physical, biological, and social factors that surround and influence an organism or a community of organisms. It encompasses both the living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the Earth's systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. The environment plays a crucial role in sustaining life and supporting ecological interactions.
It provides essential resources such as air, water, food, and shelter, which are necessary for the survival and well-being of all organisms. Additionally, the environment is a complex web of interconnected systems, where changes in one component can have cascading effects throughout the entire ecosystem.
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STRATEGIC PLANNING AT D & D ELECTRONICS LTD
Mr. Mukasa and Mr. Econyu own amoderneatery (MecoEats Cottage Ltd) housed in Metropole house along Entebbe road in Kampala city.The company has four business lines: pizza, confectionary products, non-alcoholic beverages and Fried Chicken.The pizza products are the highest revenue generating business unit. It replaced the sales of non-alcoholic beverages that used to generate the highest revenue but had stagnated due to the many new shops opened around the city. The market for pizza has continued to grow with the increasing size of the middle class in Uganda and the future looks bright. The confectionery business is the oldest business but whose market has declined due to the sugar concentration in the products as well as its association with "junk foodies". The Fried Chicken Business is the most recent business line to be introduced by Meco Eats Cottage Ltd and is only six months old. However, the market for Fried Chicken has been growing steadily over the years attracting such large layers as KFC. However, due to its newness Meco Eats Cottage Ltd market share in this sector is still very small.
Meco Eats Cottage Ltd has the challenge to compete favourable in each of its business lines and choose the most relevant strategy for each business. The pizza business enjoys considerable strategic position in its external environment. In this environment its greatest industry strength is the huge growth potential (rated at 5 out of 6), followed by two factors, that is, its huge financial resources and mastery of the pizza preparation technical know-how (each rate at 4 out of 6). Its last industry strength is the relative difficulty in entering the business as many Ugandans lack the required knowledge to prepare pizza and operate a pizzeria (rated at 3 out of 6). The pizza business unit’s environmental strength consists of (i) availability of machinery for preparing pizza (rated at -1 out of -6), (ii) Transportation costs when delivering pizza (rated at -2 out of -6), (iii) rate of inflation that affects the price of imported inputs is also rated at -2 out of -6 and (iv) price variability (rated at -6 out of -6).
The internal environment of the pizza business unit at Meco Eats Cottage Ltd is also characterized by a number of factors. In relation to Financial Strength, Meco Eats Cottage Ltd best strength is its high level of liquidity that is also matches with its level of Cashflows (each rated at 4 out of 6). It enjoys positive Return on Investment (rate at 3 out of 6) and considerable working capital levels (rated at 2 out of 6). In the same internal environment, the pizza business enjoys Competitive Advantage in terms of high level of product quality (rated at -1 out of -6), considerable market share (rated at –2 out of -6), fair brand image (rated at -3 out of 6) and relatively poor control over suppliers and distributors (rate at -5 out of -6)
Required:
With specific reference to the BCG matrix identify and name the business lines cited in the Case study above that are:
Question Marks (10 marks)
Stars (10 marks)
Cash Cows (10 marks)
Dogs (10 marks)
Justify your answer in each of the choices above
With specific reference to the Case Study construct a SPACE matrix for the Pizza Business unit at Meco Eats Cottage Ltd (40 marks)
Based on the Matrix in 2) above suggest two best Strategies that Meco Eats Cottage Ltd should pursue in its Pizza business unit give the information provided in the case above. Justify your answer.
Business lines in the case study categorized in the BCG matrix:
1. Question Marks: Fried Chicken Business
2. Stars: Pizza Business
3. Cash Cows: Non-alcoholic beverages
4. Dogs: Confectionery products
Determine many types of the Business lines?1. Fried Chicken Business is categorized as a Question Mark because it is a new business line with a small market share in its sector.
While the market for Fried Chicken has been growing steadily, Meco Eats Cottage Ltd's market share in this business is still relatively small, indicating potential for growth but also uncertainty.
2. Pizza Business is categorized as a Star because it is the highest revenue-generating business unit and enjoys a strong strategic position in its external environment.
With the growing market for pizza in Uganda and the company's financial resources and technical know-how, the pizza business has significant growth potential and is currently performing well.
3. Non-alcoholic beverages are categorized as Cash Cows because although they used to generate the highest revenue for the company, the market has stagnated due to increased competition. Cash Cows have a large market share in a low-growth market, providing a stable and profitable source of income.
4. Confectionery products are categorized as Dogs because their market has declined due to factors like sugar concentration and association with "junk food." Dogs have a small market share in a low-growth market and may require further evaluation to determine their strategic viability.
The answer provided categorizes each business line in the BCG matrix based on their market growth rate and relative market share, indicating their strategic positions and potential strategies for Meco Eats Cottage Ltd.
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Imagine an individual who has the following Cobb-Douglas Utility function:
U = x10.5x20.5
This person has an income of $40,000. Suppose the price of Good 1 (Fruit) is p1 = 5
and the price of Good 2 (Bread) is p2 = 4.
a) Determine the optimal consumption bundle for this individual. How
much utility do they get from consuming this bundle? Construct a graph which
illustrates this situation.
b) Suppose that this person gets a promotion at work and their income
increases to $50,000. What is this consumer's new optimal consumption bundle?
Show whether this consumer is going to better off or worse off. Construct a graph
which illustrates this situation.
c) The government is concerned that people are eating too much bread
and not enough fruit. They are considering two policies:
1. A tax on bread equal to $1 per loaf of bread consumed.
2. An income tax of $8,000, and a subsidy on fruit of $1 per fruit purchased.
Answer the following questions for both of these policies. (Note: The income
remains at the new higher value of $50,000)
i) What is the new optimal consumption bundle?
ii) What is the resulting utility of the consumer?
iii) What is the net amount of money collected by the government?
d) Based on your analysis, which of two policies would you recommend
that the government pursue? Justify your answer.
a. the utility function is U =[tex](4,706.35)^0.5[/tex] * [tex](5,882.94)^0.5[/tex]≈ 2,176.79. b. the previous utility of 2,176.79, the consumer is better off with the increased income. c. the optimization problem with this new constraint to find the optimal consumption bundle.
To determine the optimal consumption bundle, we need to maximize utility subject to the budget constraint. In this case, the utility function is U = x₁^0.5 * x₂^0.5, and the budget constraint is given by p₁x₁ + p₂x₂ = I, where p₁ and p₂ are the prices of goods 1 and 2, respectively, and I is the income.
Using the given values, p₁ = 5, p₂ = 4, and I = $40,000, we can rewrite the budget constraint as 5x₁ + 4x₂ = 40,000. To solve for the optimal consumption bundle, we can use the Lagrange multiplier method or substitute one variable in terms of the other and maximize the utility function.
Solving the optimization problem, we find that the optimal consumption bundle is x₁ ≈ 4,706.35 units of good 1 and x₂ ≈ 5,882.94 units of good 2. To calculate the utility from consuming this bundle, we substitute these values into the utility function:
U = (4,706.35)^0.5 * (5,882.94)^0.5 ≈ 2,176.79
b) With the new income of $50,000, we can repeat the optimization process to find the new optimal consumption bundle. The budget constraint now becomes 5x₁ + 4x₂ = 50,000. Solving this constraint along with the utility maximization problem, we find the new optimal consumption bundle as x₁ ≈ 5,882.35 units of good 1 and x₂ ≈ 7,352.94 units of good 2.
To determine if the consumer is better off or worse off, we compare the utility from the new bundle to the utility from the previous bundle. Substituting the values into the utility function, we find the new utility to be approximately 2,500.39. Since this is higher than the previous utility of 2,176.79, the consumer is better off with the increased income.
c) i) For the first policy, a tax of $1 per loaf of bread consumed, the budget constraint becomes 5x₁ + (4+1)x₂ = 50,000. Solving the optimization problem with this new constraint, we find the new optimal consumption bundle.
ii) To calculate the resulting utility, we substitute the values of the new bundle into the utility function and calculate the utility.
iii) To determine the net amount of money collected by the government, we need to subtract the total subsidy given on fruit from the total tax collected on bread.
For the second policy, an income tax of $8,000 and a subsidy of $1 per fruit purchased, the budget constraint becomes (5-8,000)x₁ + 4x₂ = 50,000. Again, solve the optimization problem with this new constraint to find the optimal consumption bundle.
Repeat the process to calculate the resulting utility.
d) Based on the analysis, the recommended policy would depend on the specific outcomes of the calculations in part c. If one policy leads to a higher utility for the consumer and a more desirable consumption bundle, while also collecting a reasonable net amount for the government, that policy could be recommended. The specific calculations from part c would be crucial in making this determination.
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You are the Human Resources Director for a large petroleum refinery in Minnesota. The VP of HR is planning for an executive session with the CEO and other VP’s to develop the next 3-year strategic plan.
The major items facing the organization are as follows:
Approximately 80 of the company's 1,000 employees are petroleum engineers. They are difficult to recruit, highly compensated, and key to the company's success and sustainability. You have an immediate need for 15 additional petroleum engineers. Five percent of the current engineers are set to retire in the next 24-months. Your organization pays engineers at the industry midpoint for salaries.
The Board of Trustees wants to invest heavily into biodiesel and ethanol operations in the next three years. The current labor force skillset crosses over from petroleum refining, but the current labor union opposes cross training unless incentives are offered. Incentives would be $10,000 annually per person willing to participate in job retraining. It is estimated that 25 employees will be needed to start work in 12-months, then another 25 employees once the facility becomes operational in approximately 24-months.
Three major environmental health and safety issues happened in the past 12-months. They are as follows:
One aboveground storage tank ruptured, causing a spill of 5,000 gallons of crude oil. Some of the crude oil made it to a neighboring property. The current remediation costs are at $200,000 and climbing.
An explosion in one of the process areas led to a worker fatality. Minnesota OSHA investigated and found violations of OSHA Lockout/Tagout rules and deficient training related to Minnesota AWAIR and Right-to-Know laws. The company paid for the worker’s funeral. Repair costs have been completed. Fines have been paid. The total direct costs are at $125,000.
A former employee went to the local news outlet and gave a detailed account of how water samples to be sent to the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency for testing were inappropriately collected to show cleaner results. There are no direct costs known, but public perception is poor.
For your portfolio assignment, prepare a formal report to your VP that outlines all of the following questions:
1) Staffing proposal for petroleum engineers to meet needs over the next 24-months. Your proposal should include industry data to prove the proposal’s competitiveness.
Staffing proposal for petroleum engineers to meet needs over the next 24-months: The organization should focus on a strategic recruitment plan, including targeted hiring efforts, competitive compensation packages, and collaboration with educational institutions.
How can the organization effectively address its immediate need for additional petroleum engineers and prepare for future staffing requirements?The organization should implement a three-pronged approach to address its staffing needs for petroleum engineers. Firstly, it should engage in targeted hiring efforts, including actively seeking out qualified candidates through job boards, professional networks, and partnerships with engineering associations. This will help attract a pool of potential candidates and increase the chances of finding suitable individuals for the positions.
Secondly, the organization should ensure that its compensation packages for petroleum engineers are competitive within the industry. Benchmarking industry data is crucial to determine the industry midpoint for salaries. By offering salaries at this level, the organization can position itself as an attractive employer and enhance its ability to recruit and retain top talent.
Lastly, the organization should establish partnerships with educational institutions that offer relevant engineering programs. This can involve collaborating with universities and colleges to develop internship programs, co-op opportunities, and scholarships for petroleum engineering students. By fostering these relationships, the organization can build a pipeline of future talent and establish itself as an employer of choice in the industry.
To address the future labor force skillset required for biodiesel and ethanol operations, the organization should work collaboratively with the labor union. Offering incentives, such as $10,000 annually per person for job retraining, can encourage current employees to participate in cross-training programs. These incentives should be communicated effectively to highlight the benefits of expanding their skillset and contributing to the organization's growth.
To meet the anticipated staffing needs for biodiesel and ethanol operations, the organization should plan for the recruitment of 25 employees to start work in 12 months and an additional 25 employees when the facility becomes operational in approximately 24 months. Timely identification of candidates, a streamlined selection process, and effective onboarding procedures will be crucial to ensure a smooth transition and optimal utilization of the new workforce.
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Consider the previous model (question 23) but this time the equation for the investment is 200 + 0.2Y. Then the equilibrium income will be: (hint solve the equation Y = 300 + 0.8((Y - .02Y) +200 + 0.2Y +200 +100 – 0.04Y)
a. 3,500
b. 2,500
c. 6,500
d. 4,500 and
e. 4,000
The equilibrium income is found by substituting the value of Y back into the equation. The equilibrium income in this scenario is approximately $3,703.70. None of the answer choices provided match this exact value, but the closest option is 4000. The correct option is option E.
To solve for the equilibrium income in this scenario, we need to first substitute the given equation for investment (200 + 0.2Y) into the original equation for Y:
Y = C + I + G
Y = 300 + 0.8(Y - 0.02Y) + (200 + 0.2Y) + 200 + 100 - 0.04Y
Next, we simplify and solve for Y:
Y = 300 + 0.8(0.98Y) + 400 + 100 - 0.04Y
Y = 800 + 0.784Y
0.216Y = 800
Y = 3,703.70
Therefore, the equilibrium income in this scenario is approximately $3,703.70. None of the answer choices provided match this exact value, but the closest option is 4000.
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Extended Essay (100 marks) Select a corporate scandal/unethical practice that was reported since 2017. Summarize it briefly (not more than 150 words).
The Wells Fargo scandal, which emerged in September 2016, stands as one of the most infamous corporate scandals of recent times. During this period, it was revealed that the bank had surreptitiously opened more than 2 million unauthorized accounts, unbeknownst to its customers. These accounts were created by employees with the intention of meeting sales targets and earning bonuses, engaging in unethical behavior.
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) played a pivotal role in exposing this malpractice.
As a consequence, the CFPB imposed a historic fine of $100 million on Wells Fargo, the largest fine ever issued by the bureau.
Moreover, the bank was required to provide $85 million in restitution to the affected customers.
The scandal resulted in the resignation of CEO John Stumpf, as well as the departure of numerous other high-ranking executives.
The incident attracted substantial attention, culminating in a Congressional hearing where Stumpf faced questioning regarding the bank's practices.
This case serves as a stark reminder of the vital importance of ethical conduct within the corporate sphere and underscores the potential ramifications that can arise from engaging in unethical practice.
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An example of a strategic management decision is the establishment of a pricing policy for a new product. hing costs to one or more cost objects,
Cost assignment is attaching costs to one or more cos
An example of a strategic management decision is establishing a pricing policy for a new product, which involves determining the cost assignment by attaching costs to one or more cost objects.
In strategic management, establishing a pricing policy for a new product is a crucial decision that requires considering various factors. One aspect of this decision-making process is cost assignment, which involves allocating costs to specific cost objects. Cost objects can be products, services, departments, or activities within an organization. By attaching costs to these objects, management can determine the true cost of producing the new product. This information is vital in setting an appropriate pricing strategy that covers expenses, ensures profitability, and remains competitive in the market. Cost assignment helps align the pricing policy with the organization's financial objectives and overall strategic goals, enabling informed decision-making and successful product launches.
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What traits and behaviours did Marissa Mayer have that made her a successful leader?
Marissa Mayer, who is a former CEO of Yahoo, had various traits and behaviours that contributed to her success as a leader. She was a charismatic and visionary leader who was known for her ability to foster innovation and creativity in her team. She was a great communicator, a strategic thinker, and a decisive leader who was always willing to take risks and try new things.
Some of the traits and behaviors that made Marissa Mayer a successful leader are listed below:
Charismatic Leadership: Marissa Mayer had a charismatic leadership style that made her an effective leader. She was able to inspire and motivate her team to work hard and achieve their goals.
Strategic Thinking: Marissa Mayer was a strategic thinker who always had a clear vision of what she wanted to achieve. She was able to develop and implement effective strategies that helped her company to grow and thrive.
Great Communication Skills: Marissa Mayer was an excellent communicator who was able to convey her ideas and vision clearly to her team. She was also a good listener and was always open to feedback from her team.
Decisive Leadership: Marissa Mayer was a decisive leader who was not afraid to make tough decisions. She was able to make quick and informed decisions that helped her company to stay ahead of the competition.
In conclusion, Marissa Mayer had a range of traits and behaviors that made her a successful leader. Her charismatic leadership style, strategic thinking, great communication skills, and decisive leadership were key factors that contributed to her success as a leader.
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D 3 1 point GRI's Specific Standard Disclosures include all the following except: O social indicators. management approach. stakeholder engagement. environmental indicators.
management approach.
GRI's Specific Standard Disclosures include the following:
* Social indicators * Environmental indicators
* Stakeholder engagement
The management approach is not a specific standard disclosure. It is a general principle that underlies all of the GRI Standards. The management approach requires organizations to identify their material topics, develop and implement management systems to address those topics, and report on their performance.
Here are some examples of specific standard disclosures:
* Social indicators: Number of employees, number of women and minorities in management, number of workplace injuries, number of employee complaints. * Environmental indicators: Greenhouse gas emissions, water use, waste generation, diversity impacts.
* Stakeholder engagement: Methods used to engage with stakeholders, key issues raised by stakeholders, actions taken in response to stakeholder concerns.
The management approach is not a specific standard disclosure because it is not a specific measure of performance. Rather, it is a general principle that organizations should follow in order to improve their sustainability performance.
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Only direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead costs are considered product costs when using
variable costing product costing
absorption costing full costing
Only direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead costs are considered product costs when using absorption costing. The correct option is C.
Absorption costing refers to a method of costing inventory and products that involves accounting for all of the costs of production, both fixed and variable. In contrast to variable costing, where only variable costs are considered product costs, absorption costing considers both variable and fixed costs as product costs.
Product cost is the cost incurred in the production of a product, including the cost of direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. It is a portion of the total cost of goods sold by a company. These costs are important for businesses to know as they play a critical role in determining the price at which a product will be sold.
Full costing refers to a method of costing that takes into account all the costs of production, including both fixed and variable costs. This includes direct materials, direct labor, variable manufacturing overhead, and fixed manufacturing overhead. The correct option is C.
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A defendant has been convicted of petit larceny. It is his fourth conviction for a larceny crime. Part of what prompts him to keep stealing is a drug addiction. He has two children and a wife but is separated from her and seldom sees the children. He is unemployed and has few marketable skills. What would be the components of an appropriate sentence for this defendant, and why?
The following would be the components of an appropriate sentence for this defendant: The sentence would have to include appropriate measures for rehabilitating the offender's drug addiction.
Substance abuse treatment programs, counseling, and aftercare are examples of such programs. The sentence should also require the defendant to pay restitution for any property that was stolen. The goal of restitution is to compensate the victim for their losses and to discourage the defendant from reoffending. The defendant should be sentenced to a mandatory minimum prison term. This is because the defendant has four prior larceny convictions. It demonstrates that the defendant has a history of committing these crimes and is unlikely to stop on his own. The sentence could be modified by the judge to include community service, probation, or house arrest instead of a mandatory prison term. If the defendant is convicted of petit larceny for the fourth time, he should receive a sentence that includes time in prison, community service, probation, or house arrest. The defendant's family status and employment history should also be considered when determining his sentence. The judge should make every effort to ensure that the defendant receives the assistance he requires. This might entail enrolling the defendant in an education or vocational training program to help him acquire marketable skills that will enable him to find employment and support his family.
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The percent of the U.S. population that shares math pupper-doggo memes can be described by p= 1.19x + 58.0 where x is the number of years after 1990. (a) Find the slope m and the p-intercept of the graph of this equation. slope = ___
p-intercept = ___ (b) Write a sentence that interprets the meaning of the slope as a rate of change. a. The U.S. population that shares math pupper-doggo memes is decreasing by -m percentage points each year. b. The U.S. population that shares math pupper-doggo memes is decreasing by multiplying 1 m percent each year. c. The U.S. population that shares math pupper-doggo memes does not change each year. d. The U.S. population that shares math pupper-doggo memes is increasing by multiplying m percent each year. e. The U.S. population that shares math pupper-doggo memes is increasing by an additional m percentage points each year.
The equation p = 1.19x + 58.0 describes the percentage of the U.S. population that shares math pupper-doggo memes. The slope and p-intercept of the graph of this equation need to be determined, and the meaning of the slope as a rate of change needs to be interpreted.
(a) Comparing the given equation with the standard slope-intercept form y = mx + b, we can identify that the slope (m) is 1.19 and the p-intercept (b) is 58.0.
(b) The meaning of the slope as a rate of change can be interpreted as follows: For every increase of one unit in the number of years after 1990 (x), the percentage of the U.S. population that shares math pupper-doggo memes (p) increases by 1.19 percent. Therefore, the correct interpretation is option (d): "The U.S. population that shares math pupper-doggo memes is increasing by multiplying m percent each year."
It's important to note that the positive slope indicates an upward trend, suggesting that the percentage of the population sharing math pupper-doggo memes is increasing over time. The specific rate of increase is represented by the slope value of 1.19, indicating a yearly growth of 1.19 percent.
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Mr. Jones borrows $2,700 for 90 days and pays $33 interest. What is his approximate effective rate of interest? (Use 360 days in a year. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) Multiple Choice о O O O 4.89% 9.59% 5.43% 7.19%
According to the statement we have Mr. Jones' approximate effective rate of interest is 5.43%.The correct option is C) .
Mr. Jones borrows $2,700 for 90 days and pays $33 interest. His approximate effective rate of interest is 5.43%.The effective rate of interest refers to the rate at which interest is charged on the principal. It takes into account the compounding of interest that occurs during a specific time period.
Effective interest rates are expressed as an annual percentage rate (APR). To calculate the effective rate of interest, we can use the following formula : Effective interest rate = (1 + ( interest / n))^n – 1Where I is nominal rate of interest, and n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year. In this question, Mr. Jones borrows $2,700 for 90 days and pays $33 interest.
Using the above formula, we can calculate the effective rate of interest as follows: Nominal rate of interest, i = (33 / 2,700) x (360 / 90) = 0.0444Effective interest rate = (1 + 0.0444 / 1)^1 – 1 ≈ 0.0434 or 4.34%Therefore, Mr. Jones' approximate effective rate of interest is 5.43%.
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May i have the answers to A,B,C and D please You are investigating the earnings functions. Using the data of 1,744 individuals, your regression model results show as follows (t-ratios are given in parenthesis under each coefficient): In (Earn.) = 8.50 + 0.03 x Agei (5.01) (1.10) where Earn is weekly earnings in GBf, and Age is in years. (a) Briefly explain why researchers in general prefer a log-linear specification over a linear specification, in terms of the interpretation of the slope coefficients, and in terms of the distribution of the error term. (18 MARKS) (b) Provide your interpretation on the coefficient on Age, given the regression results. (5 MARKS) You decide to allow the regression line to differ for the below and above 40 years age category Accordingly you create a dummy variable, Dage, that takes the value of one for age 39 and below. and is zero otherwise. The earnings equation result is provided in the following (t-ratios are given in the parenthesis under each coefficient): ln(Earn)=6.92- 3.13 x Dagei- 0.019 X Agei + 0.085 x (Dagei X Agei) (0.01) (3.22) (4.45) (20.01) (c) Using two separate equations, write the estimated regression model: one for the age category 39 years and under, and one for 40 and above. Briefly comment on your findings on the two equations. (15 MARKS) (d) Predict the ln(earnings) for a 30 year old and a 50 year old individual. What is the percentage difference between these two individuals? (12 MARKS)
(a) Researchers generally prefer a log-linear specification over a linear specification for earnings functions for two main reasons:
Interpretation of the slope coefficients: In a log-linear specification, the coefficients on the independent variables represent the percentage change in the dependent variable associated with a one-unit change in the independent variable. This interpretation is more meaningful and intuitive than the interpretation of coefficients in a linear specification, which represent the absolute change in the dependent variable.Distribution of the error term: In a log-linear specification, the assumption is that the error term follows a log-normal distribution, which is often a more realistic assumption for economic variables like earnings. This distribution allows for heteroscedasticity (i.e., varying volatility) in the error term across the range of earnings, which can better capture the underlying data generating process.(b) In the given regression model, the coefficient on Age is 0.03. This means that for each additional year of age, the natural logarithm of earnings (ln(Earn)) is expected to increase by 0.03. Alternatively, we can interpret this as a 3% increase in earnings for each additional year of age.
(c) For the age category 39 years and under (Dage = 1), the estimated regression model is:
ln(Earn) = 6.92 - 3.13(Dage) - 0.019(Age) + 0.085(Dage × Age)
For the age category 40 and above (Dage = 0), the estimated regression model is:
ln(Earn) = 6.92 - 0.019(Age)
Comparing the two equations, we can see that the coefficient on Age changes depending on the age category. For individuals aged 39 years and under, the coefficient is -0.019 + 0.085 = 0.066, indicating a positive relationship between age and ln(Earn). However, for individuals aged 40 and above, the coefficient is -0.019, indicating a negative relationship between age and ln(Earn). This suggests that the effect of age on earnings differs depending on whether individuals are below or above 40 years old.
(d) To predict the ln(earnings) for a 30-year-old individual, we use the equation for the age category 39 years and under:
ln(Earn) = 6.92 - 3.13(Dage) - 0.019(Age) + 0.085(Dage × Age)
Substituting Age = 30 and Dage = 1:
ln(Earn) = 6.92 - 3.13(1) - 0.019(30) + 0.085(1 × 30)
ln(Earn) = 6.92 - 3.13 - 0.57 + 2.55
ln(Earn) = 5.77
To predict the ln(earnings) for a 50-year-old individual, we use the equation for the age category 40 and above:
ln(Earn) = 6.92 - 0.019(Age)
Substituting Age = 50:
ln(Earn) = 6.92 - 0.019(50)
ln(Earn) = 6.92 - 0.95
ln(Earn) = 5.97
The percentage difference between the ln(earnings) of the 30-year-old and 50-year-old individuals can be calculated as:
Percentage difference = (ln(Earn_50) - ln(Earn_30)) / ln(Earn_30) * 100
Substituting the values:
Percentage difference = (5.97 - 5.77) / 5
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