The market failure being addressed in this scenario is a. Adverse Selection of individuals with a high risk of bad health outcomes.
Adverse selection occurs when individuals with higher risks or higher probabilities of negative outcomes are more likely to seek insurance coverage compared to individuals with lower risks.
This can create an imbalance in the insurance pool, as the pool becomes dominated by individuals who are more likely to make claims, leading to higher costs for insurance companies.
In the given scenario, insurance companies require individuals to take a blood test before qualifying for lower health insurance premiums.
By implementing this requirement, insurance companies aim to address adverse selection by obtaining additional information about an individual's health status.
The blood test helps identify individuals who may have pre-existing conditions or higher health risks.
Insurance companies can then adjust their premiums accordingly based on the individual's health condition, ensuring a more balanced and fair distribution of risk among policyholders.
By addressing adverse selection, insurance companies can mitigate the potential financial losses they may face due to a disproportionately high number of claims from individuals with higher health risks.
This allows for more sustainable and affordable insurance premiums for a broader population of individuals seeking coverage.
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We have described an economic system-entrepreneurial capitalism—which arose in Europe over the last five centuries. In a first paragraph of two to three sentences, what of this system seems to be distinctly European? And in a second more substantive paragraph, why might this be useful for understanding the present cultural geography of the world? Apply evidence from course readings and lectures to argue your answer.
The entrepreneurial capitalism system that arose in Europe over the last five centuries is distinctly European in its historical development and characteristics.
It can be attributed to several factors that are unique to Europe, such as the emergence of the Industrial Revolution, the Enlightenment, and the rise of capitalist institutions and practices. Europe's cultural, social, and economic context played a crucial role in shaping the distinct features of this economic system.
Understanding the present cultural geography of the world can be enriched by examining the origins and characteristics of entrepreneurial capitalism in Europe. The impact of European colonialism, trade networks, and economic ideologies has had a lasting influence on global cultural and economic dynamics.
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The following is a simple consumption function C = 500 + 0.7* (Y-T) Where Cis consumption, Y is income before tax, and T is taxes. Assume (in € billions) 1 = 1,000 G = 500 T = 500 Determine (0) The multiplier value. Determine the equilibrium income without taxes. Determine the equilibrium income after the introduction of taxes.
So, the equilibrium income after the introduction of taxes is (1666.67 + 0.7T) billion euros.
Given that: C = 500 + 0.7*(Y - T) where C is consumption, Y is income before tax, and T is taxes. G = 500 T = 500
The multiplier value is the factor by which a change in autonomous spending will result in a more than proportionate change in real GDP.
The formula for the multiplier value is 1/ (1-MPC).MPC = Change in consumption / Change in income= 0.7
Therefore, the multiplier value = 1/(1-MPC) = 1/(1-0.7) = 1/0.3 = 3.33
So, the multiplier value is 3.33.Let Y be the equilibrium income.
At equilibrium, C = Y. Therefore, Y = 500 + 0.7*(Y - 0)
Solving for Y, we get: Y - 0.7Y = 5000.3Y = 5000.3Y = 1666.67 billion euros
So, the equilibrium income without taxes is 1666.67 billion euros.
Now, let's find the equilibrium income after the introduction of taxes. Let Y' be the new equilibrium income. At equilibrium, C = Y - T. Therefore, Y - T = 500 + 0.7*(Y - T - 0.5)
Solving for Y - T, we get: Y - T - 0.7Y + 0.7T = 250T + 0.5*700T + 500Y = 2500.3Y - 0.7T = 833.33 + 0.7TY - 0.7T = 1166.67Y = (1666.67 + 0.7T)
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Which one of the following statements is incorrect?
a.When petty cash is embezzled at the branch, the branch inventory account is credited, and the branch expense account debited.
b.Where inventory is invoice to branch at cost price, the mark-down on sales does not require any entries in the books.
c.In certain circumstances, the branch inventory account serves the same purpose as the normal trading account.
d.The cost price of inventory that cannot be found is credited to the branch inventory account and debited to the branch expenses account.
The statement that is incorrect is Option d. When inventory is lost or damaged, the cost price of the inventory cannot be found, and therefore, it needs to be recorded as a loss in the books.
The branch inventory account would be debited for the cost of the inventory that was lost, and the branch expenses account would be credited for the amount of the loss. Option a is correct. When petty cash is embezzled, the branch inventory account would be credited, and the branch expense account would be debited. This is because the missing cash is treated as an expense, and the missing inventory is treated as a reduction in the value of the inventory on hand.
Option b is incorrect. When inventory is purchased at cost price, the markdown on sales requires an entry in the books. The markdown would be recorded as an expense, and the cost of the inventory would be reduced by the amount of the markdown. This would be recorded in the sales journal and the general journal.
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Determine the current value of an 7.5% GOJ bonds with a face value of $500,000.00 that pays interest semi-annually (tax free) and matures in exactly 3 years. The required return on this security is 6% p.a.
Skeng would like to receive equal instalment of $250,000 at the end of each year for the next 8 years. How much should she have in an investment account that pays 6.5% per annum in order to achieve this goal?
Arona would like to receive $15,820 each year for the next 5 years, starting today. Then she hopes to receive $17,500per year at the beginning of the 6th year for an additional 5 years. In total 10 payments. Assume an interest rate of 6%. Find the present value of this cash flow stream.
Calculation of the current value of GOJ bonds: Here, Face value (FV) = $500,000Coupon rate (r) = 7.5%Time to maturity (n) = 3 years Frequency of payment = Semi-annually Yield to maturity (YTM) = Required return = 6% p.a. Semi-annual coupon payment, C = Coupon rate × Face value/2C = 7.5% × $500,000/2 = $18,750Therefore, Current value of bond = [C / (1 + YTM/2) + C / (1 + YTM/2)^2 + C / (1 + YTM/2)^3 + … + C + FV / (1 + YTM/2)^6] = [$18,750 / (1.03) + $18,750 / (1.03)^2 + $18,750 / (1.03)^3 + $18,750 / (1.03)^4 + $18,750 / (1.03)^5 + $18,750 / (1.03)^6] = $492,880.14
Calculation of the amount Skeng should have in an investment account: Here, Instalment (I) = $250,000 per year for 8 years = $250,000 × 8 = $2,000,000Interest rate (r) = 6.5% p.a. Time period (n) = 8 years (because equal instalments are to be received over 8 years)We need to find the present value of these instalments. Therefore, we use the formula for present value of an ordinary annuity: Present value of annuity = I × [1 - (1 + r/100)-n] / (r/100) = $2,000,000 × [1 - (1 + 6.5/100)^-8] / (6.5/100) = $12,440,242.46 Therefore, Skeng should have $12,440,242.46 in an investment account to achieve her goal. Calculation of present value of cash flow stream for Arona: Here, Amount of cash flow received each year = $15,820 for 5 years + $17,500 for 5 years = 10 payments Time period (n) = 10 years Interest rate (r) = 6% p.a. The present value of each cash flow needs to be calculated separately and then added together to get the total present value. For the first 5 years, we use the formula for present value of an ordinary annuity: Present value of annuity = I × [1 - (1 + r/100)-n] / (r/100) = $15,820 × [1 - (1 + 6/100)^-5] / (6/100) = $66,114.08
Therefore, the present value of cash flows received for the first 5 years = 5 × $66,114.08 = $330,570.40For the next 5 years, the cash flows are not of equal value. Therefore, we need to calculate the present value of each cash flow separately using the formula for present value of a single cash flow: Present value of a single cash flow = FV / (1 + r/100)n Where FV is the future value of the cash flow to be received in n years. Therefore, Present value of first cash flow received at the end of the 6th year = $17,500 / (1 + 6/100)^6 = $12,204.84Present value of second cash flow received at the end of the 7th year = $17,500 / (1 + 6/100)^7 = $11,424.15Present value of third cash flow received at the end of the 8th year = $17,500 / (1 + 6/100)^8 = $10,695.22Present value of fourth cash flow received at the end of the 9th year = $17,500 / (1 + 6/100)^9 = $10,013.91Present value of fifth cash flow received at the end of the 10th year = $17,500 / (1 + 6/100)^10 = $9,375.92Therefore, the present value of cash flows received for the next 5 years = $12,204.84 + $11,424.15 + $10,695.22 + $10,013.91 + $9,375.92 = $53,714.04Therefore, the total present value of the cash flow stream = $330,570.40 + $53,714.04 = $384,284.44.
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as occupancy decreases, hotel managers should generally expect:____
As occupancy decreases, hotel managers should generally expect a decrease in revenue and profitability.
When the occupancy of a hotel decreases, it means that fewer rooms are being booked and utilized by guests. As a result, the hotel's revenue generated from room bookings and other services will decrease. With fewer guests, there will be fewer sources of income, such as room rates, food and beverage sales, and other amenities provided by the hotel. This reduction in revenue can have a direct impact on the hotel's profitability and financial performance.
A decrease in occupancy also affects the hotel's operational costs. The hotel still needs to maintain its facilities, pay staff wages, and cover other fixed expenses, regardless of the number of guests staying.
In response to declining occupancy, hotel managers may need to implement strategies to attract more guests, such as adjusting room rates, offering promotional packages, or implementing marketing campaigns. They may also need to closely manage expenses and find ways to optimize operational efficiency to mitigate the impact of decreased occupancy on the hotel's financial performance.
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Please conduct a SWOT analysis on the development of rural
tourism in Bangladesh .
SWOT analysis is a planning tool that organizations use to identify their internal and external factors that are either favorable or unfavorable to the achievement of their objectives. SWOT is an acronym that stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats.
This analysis is useful in guiding an organization in setting realistic goals and objectives. Therefore, in this paper, we will conduct a SWOT analysis on the development of rural tourism in Bangladesh.
Strength- Bangladesh is endowed with several natural resources that make it a top destination for tourists. The country has a tropical climate, lush forests, numerous rivers, and a long coastline. The natural resources make it attractive to tourists looking for eco-tourism destinations. The Bangladesh government is committed to developing rural tourism in the country. They have put in place policies that make it easy for investors to invest in the rural tourism industry.
Weaknesses -The infrastructure in the rural areas of Bangladesh is not well developed. This makes it difficult for tourists to access the rural areas. There is also a lack of accommodation facilities in the rural areas. Tourists are forced to either stay in the cities or in makeshift accommodation facilities.OpportunitiesThe development of rural tourism in Bangladesh presents several opportunities. Rural tourism can be a source of income for the local population. It also creates job opportunities for the people in the rural areas. The development of rural tourism can also lead to the development of the rural infrastructure. This includes the development of roads, electricity, and water supply in the rural areas.ThreatsThe development of rural tourism in Bangladesh is not without threats. There is a possibility of environmental degradation due to increased tourist activities in the rural areas. This can have a negative impact on the environment and the local population. There is also the threat of cultural erosion due to the influx of tourists who may not respect the local cultures and traditions. The lack of security in the rural areas can also discourage tourists from visiting the area.In conclusion, the development of rural tourism in Bangladesh presents several opportunities that can be harnessed for the benefit of the country. However, the challenges that come with the development of rural tourism cannot be ignored. Therefore, it is important that the government puts in place policies that ensure that the development of rural tourism is done in a sustainable manner that benefits the local population.
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Suppose that oil (a depleteable resource) will be be consumed over two time periods. The demand for oil is given by: Qpt= 140-10Pt. The interest rate is 80% and there are only 100 units of oil in total. The marginal extraction cost of oil is $2. Determine the marginal user cost (lambda) in period 1 (the future) if 30 units of oil are consumed in period 0 (the present). (Do not include a $ sign in your response. Round to the nearest two decimal places if necessary.)
The marginal user cost (lambda) in period 1 is approximately $5 when 30 units of oil are consumed in period 0.
The marginal user cost represents the opportunity cost of consuming one additional unit of a depletable resource, taking into account the interest rate and future scarcity. It can be calculated using the Hotelling's rule formula: lambda = Pt - MCt / (1+r).
Given that 30 units of oil are consumed in period 0, there are 100 - 30 = 70 units of oil remaining for period 1.
The marginal extraction cost (MC) is given as $2.
To determine the price (Pt) in period 0, we can substitute Qpt = 30 into the demand function:
30 = 140 - 10Pt
10Pt = 110
Pt = 11
The interest rate (r) is 80% or 0.8.
Now we can calculate the marginal user cost in period 1:
lambda = Pt - MCt / (1+r)
lambda = 11 - 2 / (1+0.8)
lambda = 9 / 1.8
lambda = 5
Therefore, the marginal user cost (lambda) in period 1 is approximately $5 when 30 units of oil are consumed in period 0.
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17)
What is the future value of $2,500 in 6 years
if you earn 10%, compounded continuously.
Group of answer choices
$2,762.93
$4,428.90
$1,372.03
$2,750.00
$4,552.97
The future value of $2,500 in 6 years, earning 10% interest compounded continuously, is approximately $4,552.97.
This value can be calculated using the formula for continuous compound interest, which is given by the equation A = P * e^(rt), where A is the future value, P is the principal amount, e is the base of the natural logarithm (approximately 2.71828), r is the interest rate, and t is the time period. Plugging in the given values, we have A = $2,500 * e^(0.10 * 6) ≈ $4,552.97. Therefore, the correct answer is $4,552.97.
To calculate the future value, we use the formula for continuous compound interest: A = P * e^(rt), where A is the future value, P is the principal amount, e is the base of the natural logarithm (approximately 2.71828), r is the interest rate, and t is the time period. In this case, the principal amount is $2,500, the interest rate is 10% (or 0.10), and the time period is 6 years.
Substituting these values into the formula, we get A = $2,500 * e^(0.10 * 6). Simplifying further, we have A = $2,500 * e^(0.60). Using the approximate value of e, we can calculate A as A ≈ $2,500 * 2.71828^(0.60), which gives us A ≈ $4,552.97.
Therefore, the future value of $2,500 in 6 years, earning 10% interest compounded continuously, is approximately $4,552.97.
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a) Hedging, forward pricing, options
1 How will you use these to mitigate your risk?
b) Contracting
2 Will you use production or marketing contracting to reduce risk?
c) Insurance
3 How will you use crop, liability and other insurance?
Hedging, forward pricing, and options are used to mitigate risks in the agricultural sector. Hedging is used to minimize the risk of price fluctuation.
Forward pricing is another strategy that farmers can use to minimize risk. By entering into a forward contract with a buyer, the farmer can lock in a price in advance, ensuring that he will receive a fair price for his crop. This approach can be particularly helpful when prices are expected to be volatile or when the farmer has a good sense of the direction of price movements.
b) Contracting can help to reduce risks for farmers. Production contracting is a strategy that involves a farmer agreeing to grow a crop for a specific buyer in exchange for a guaranteed price. This can help to reduce the farmer's risk by providing a guaranteed market for his crop and reducing his exposure to price volatility.
c) Crop insurance is one of the most common forms of insurance used by farmers to mitigate risks. Crop insurance provides protection against losses due to weather-related events, pests, and other factors. Liability insurance is also important for farmers as it can protect them from liability in the event of an accident or other incident on their property. Other forms of insurance that can be useful for farmers include health insurance and life insurance.
In conclusion, farmers face many risks in the agricultural sector, but there are several strategies they can use to mitigate those risks. Hedging, forward pricing, and options can help farmers to minimize their exposure to price fluctuations.
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1.3 Dis-Chem's goal is to expand their operations by 18 new stores per year. They expect this expansion to cost R370 million in the next financial year. 1.3.1 List two disadvantages for Dis-Chem shoul
Sure! Here are two potential disadvantages for Dis-Chem in expanding their operations by 18 new stores per year:
Financial Burden: Expanding operations by 18 new stores per year at a cost of R370 million can pose a significant financial burden for Dis-Chem. Allocating such a large amount of funds towards expansion may strain the company's financial resources and limit its ability to invest in other areas such as research and development or marketing.Operational Challenges: Rapid expansion can lead to operational challenges for Dis-Chem. Opening and managing multiple new stores simultaneously requires careful planning, coordination, and resources. Ensuring the availability of skilled staff, maintaining consistent quality standards, and managing logistics across all stores can become complex and challenging.
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1. Choose any two recruiting sites. Select advertisements for one job position from each site (i.e., two in all). a) Compare their job description and job specification. b) Which one do you think is the best and why? c) What suggestions do you have to enhance the effectiveness of the ads? Points to remember: - Please add 3 to 4 references + textbook. - Word limit 800-1000 - Add an introduction and conclusion to your answers - Follow the APA guidelines
Recruitment is the process of identifying and attracting competent candidates for employment purposes. With the advent of technology, several online platforms have emerged, and these sites have made recruitment processes easier and more effective.
1. Recruiting sites are as
a. LinkedIn: LinkedIn is an American-based company that operates a business and employment-oriented online service that operates via websites and mobile apps. This site is primarily used for professional networking, including employers posting job vacancies and job seekers posting their CVs.
b, Glassdoor: Glassdoor is an American-based website where current and former employees anonymously review companies. This site also allows employees to anonymously submit salaries and benefits information. Job description and job specification comparison Job description is an outline of job responsibilities and requirements, while a job specification is the list of skills, abilities, and qualifications that a person should have for a particular job.
In this section, the job description and job specifications of the two sites are compared.
LINKEDIN Job description job title:
1. Develop a product vision and strategy
2. Define and track product metrics
3. Develop product roadmap and prioritization
4. Work with cross-functional teams to deliver products
5. Conduct market research and analysis
GLASSDOOR Job description job title:
1. Develop and implement the product roadmap
2. Analyze and report on product performance
3. Work with cross-functional teams to deliver products
4. Develop go-to-market strategy and tactics
5. Conduct market research and analysis
Both job specifications require experience in building web and mobile products, experience in data-driven product development, and strong leadership, communication, and collaboration skills. Both job descriptions require product development, market research, and analysis.
1b. Based on the job description and job specification comparison, LinkedIn is the best job site because it provides a more detailed and comprehensive job description and job specification that highlights the essential skills, qualifications, and experiences required for the job. The LinkedIn job description also provides a more in-depth understanding of the job's responsibilities and expectations than the Glassdoor job description.
1c. Suggestions to enhance the effectiveness of the ads the following suggestions can enhance the effectiveness of the ads:
Use attractive and persuasive language in the job description and job specification.2. Provide detailed information about the company, location, and benefits.3. Use keywords and phrases that can help job seekers find job advertisement quickly.4. Make the job description and job specification easy to read and understand.Provide specific requirements for the job that can help job seekers understand the expectations.Conclusion In conclusion, LinkedIn is the best job site for recruiting qualified candidates because it provides a more comprehensive job description and job specification. Finally, to enhance the effectiveness of ads, companies should use persuasive language, provide detailed information, use keywords and phrases, and make the job description and job specification easy to understand. ReferencesBratton, J., & Gold, J. (2017). Human resource management: Theory and practice. Palgrave.Đurđević, M., Petrović, D., & Nedeljković, M. (2019). The importance of online recruitment. Economic Annals, 64(221), 7-34.Zhao, K., Li, S., & Zhong, J. (2020). Online recruitment advertising: Content analysis and social network perspective. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 10(1), 1-15.Zupan, N., Kavčič, M., & Čančer, V. (2018).
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Which of the following is the most correct characterization of a "Bottleneck?" A bottleneck is the step that causes all other steps in the process not to live up to their full potential. The bottlenec
The most correct characterization of a bottleneck is that it is a point in a process where the flow of work is restricted or slowed down, leading to a delay in the completion of tasks.
It is often caused by a resource constraint or an inefficient process design that prevents the smooth flow of work from one step to another. The bottleneck can have a significant impact on the productivity and profitability of an organization, as it limits the throughput and efficiency of the system. Therefore, it is important to identify and eliminate bottlenecks in order to improve the overall performance of the process. This can be done through process analysis and optimization, resource allocation, and prioritization of tasks. Effective management of bottlenecks can lead to increased productivity, faster delivery times, and improved customer satisfaction.
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please solve this Distribution requirement planning problem. please use appropriate methods or formulas
Gross requirements of a product for the next 5 periods are as follows: Periods: 1 2 3 4 5 Gross Reqt.: 30 20 20 0 45 A receipt of 50 units was scheduled in period 1. Inventory on hand is 10 units. The lead time is 2 periods on an average and the production is done only in lots of 50. Make an MRP plan. b. If the following are the transactions after period 1, revise your MRP plan for the next 5 periods. - Actual disbursements from stock for item 1234 during week 1 were only 20 instead of the planned 30. - The scheduled receipt for 50 due in week 1 was received on Tuesday, but 10 units were rejected, so only 40 were actually received into inventory. - The inventory was counted on Thursday and 20 additional pieces were found. - The requirement date for the 45 pieces in week 5 was changed to week 4. - Marketing requested an additional five pieces for samples in week 2. - The requirement for week 6 has been set at 25.
Main Answer:
The MRP plan for the next 5 periods, considering the given data, is as follows:
Period 1: Planned receipt = 50, Gross requirements = 30, Inventory = 10
Period 2: Planned receipt = 50, Gross requirements = 20, Inventory = 40
Period 3: Planned receipt = 50, Gross requirements = 20, Inventory = 70
Period 4: Planned receipt = 50, Gross requirements = 0, Inventory = 50
Period 5: Planned receipt = 50, Gross requirements = 45, Inventory = 5
Supporting Answer:
To calculate the MRP plan, we need to consider the lead time and production lot size. Since the lead time is 2 periods, we need to schedule the receipt of units 2 periods ahead of the requirement. As the production is done only in lots of 50, we can only order in multiples of 50. Initially, we have a scheduled receipt of 50 in period 1 and an inventory of 10 units. In period 1, the gross requirement is 30, so we consume 30 units and have an inventory of 10 units remaining. In subsequent periods, we follow the same process, adjusting the inventory and planned receipts accordingly.
For the revised MRP plan, we need to consider the given transactions. In week 1, the actual disbursement from stock was 20 instead of the planned 30. This means the inventory is now 20 units instead of 30. Additionally, the scheduled receipt of 50 in week 1 had 10 units rejected, so only 40 units were received. Therefore, the inventory becomes 60 units. Later, an inventory count on Thursday found an additional 20 pieces, resulting in an inventory of 80 units. The requirement for 45 pieces in week 5 was changed to week 4, so we need to adjust the plan accordingly. Marketing requested an additional five pieces for samples in week 2, so the gross requirements for week 2 increase by 5. Lastly, the requirement for week 6 has been set at 25, which needs to be included in the plan accordingly.
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4. Price elasticity of new supply-how do we measure it (exercise)?
To measure the price elasticity of new supply, you can follow this exercise:
Identify the relevant market and product: Determine the specific market and product for which you want to measure the price elasticity of new supply. Collect data: Gather data on the quantity supplied and the corresponding prices for the product in question over a specific time period. Calculate the percentage change in quantity supplied: Use the formula: Percentage Change in Quantity Supplied = [(Q2 - Q1) / Q1] * 100.Calculate the percentage change in price: Use the formula: Percentage Change in Price = [(P2 - P1) / P1] * 100.Calculate the price elasticity of new supply: Price Elasticity of New Supply = (Percentage Change in Quantity Supplied) / (Percentage Change in Price).Price elasticity of demand is a measure of the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a good or service to changes in its price. It quantifies the percentage change in quantity demanded in response to a one percent change in price. The price elasticity of demand is determined by several factors, including the availability of substitutes, the necessity of the good, and the proportion of income spent on the good.
If the demand for a good is elastic, a small change in price will result in a proportionally larger change in quantity demanded. In contrast, if the demand is inelastic, a change in price will lead to a relatively smaller change in quantity demanded. A price elasticity of greater than 1 indicates elastic demand, while a value less than 1 signifies inelastic demand. A value of exactly 1 indicates unit elasticity, where the percentage change in quantity demanded matches the percentage change in price.
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1 (a) List FOUR objectives of benefits programs. i ii ii iv b) Define the meaning of benefits. C) Define the meaning of pay for performance. D) what are the purposes of pay for performance. i ii iii
1(a) List FOUR objectives of benefits programsThe four objectives of benefits programs are:i. Employee welfare- The benefits programs aim at improving the welfare of employees and ensuring their safety, health, and well-being.ii. Enhancing job satisfaction- The programs aim at making employees satisfied with their jobs and motivating them to work towards achieving organizational objectives.
iii. Employee retention- The programs aim at retaining skilled and talented employees by offering attractive benefits and incentives to the employees.iv. Attracting employees- The benefits programs aim at attracting and hiring qualified and skilled employees to work for an organization.b) Define the meaning of benefitsBenefits are rewards that employees receive from the employer in addition to their regular salary. The rewards are non-monetary and include items such as healthcare benefits, retirement benefits, paid time off, training programs, and many other benefits.C) Define the meaning of pay for performancePay for performance is a compensation model that rewards employees based on their performance. The model incentivizes employees to perform well by offering bonuses, commissions, and other financial rewards based on their performance. The pay for performance model is designed to motivate employees to work harder, be more productive, and achieve better results.D) What are the purposes of pay for performance?The purposes of pay for performance are:i. Motivating employees- Pay for performance programs aim at motivating employees to work harder and achieve better results.ii. Improving productivity- The model is designed to improve employee productivity and efficiency.iii. Encouraging innovation- Pay for performance programs incentivize employees to be innovative and find new ways to solve problems and improve organizational performance.
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From the following information, prepare a Flexible budget of David & Co. Ltd. $. Direct materials 90,000 Factory costs (80% fixed) 12,000 Direct Labour 60,000 Admn. costs (60% fixed) 18,000 Direct cost 30,000 Sales costs (50% fixed) 6,000 Machinery expenses 15,000 Sales at Rs. 3 per unit 3,00,000 Power 15,000 Total Production is sold in the year. Further, the factory is working at 60% capacity. You have to assume the following. (a) Direct materials and wages Increase by 10% and 5% followings (b) Capacity will be 80%
The flexible budget for David & Co. Ltd. is as follows: Direct materials: $99,000 Factory costs: $12,000 Direct labor: $66,000 Administrative costs: $19,800 Direct cost: $33,000 Sales costs: $6,600 Machinery expenses: $15,000Power: $18,750Sales revenue: $360,000
A flexible budget is a useful tool that adjusts budgeted amounts based on changes in activity levels. In this case, we are given information about David & Co. Ltd.'s costs and sales, and we need to prepare a flexible budget based on certain assumptions. First, we need to consider the increase in direct materials and wages by 10% and 5% respectively. This means the direct materials cost would increase to $99,000 (90,000 + 10%) and the direct labor cost would increase to $66,000 (60,000 + 5%). Next, we need to account for the change in capacity. The factory is working at 60% capacity, but we have to assume it will operate at 80% capacity. Since most of the factory costs are fixed (80%), they will remain the same at $12,000. The administrative costs, which are 60% fixed, would increase to $19,800 (18,000 + 60% of 18,000).The direct cost would increase to $33,000 (30,000 + 10% of 90,000 + 5% of 60,000).The sales costs, which are 50% fixed, would increase to $6,600 (6,000 + 50% of 6,000).The power expenses would increase to $18,750 (15,000 + 25% of 15,000) since the factory is operating at a higher capacity. Lastly, the sales revenue remains the same at $360,000 as it is based on the number of units sold at a fixed price.
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Question 9 of 10 < -/30 1 View Policies Current Attempt in Progress Quellette & Associates began operations on January 1, 2021. Its fiscal year end is December 31 and it prepares financial statements
Ouellette & Associates is a new business that started operating on January 1, 2021, and its financial statements will be prepared on December 31, 2021. It is the fiscal year-end of the business.
Ouellette & Associates started operations on January 1, 2021. The fiscal year-end of the business is December 31, 2021. This means that the financial statements of the company for its first year of operations will be prepared on December 31, 2021. This date is important because it marks the end of the first fiscal year of the business. Ouellette & Associates will have to prepare a balance sheet, an income statement, and a cash flow statement as part of its financial statements. These financial statements will provide a summary of the financial transactions of the business for its first year of operations. The financial statements will also help stakeholders, such as investors, creditors, and management, to make informed decisions regarding the business. Thus, it is important for the business to ensure that its financial statements are accurate and comply with the relevant accounting standards and principles.
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2) The one-year interest rates over the next five years are expected to be 5%, 6%,7%, 8% and 9%. Given this information, what are the interest rates on a two-year bond and a five-year bond? 4 marks Ex
The interest rate on the two-year bond is 5.5% and the interest rate on the five-year bond is 7%.
To determine the interest rates on a two-year bond and a five-year bond, we need to consider the average interest rates over the respective periods. For the two-year bond, we can take the average of the one-year interest rates for the first two years, which are 5% and 6%. Adding these two rates and dividing by 2 gives us an average interest rate of (5% + 6%)/2 = 5.5%.For the five-year bond, we can take the average of the one-year interest rates for all five years. Adding the rates and dividing by 5 gives us an average interest rate of (5% + 6% + 7% + 8% + 9%)/5 = 7%.
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Sales of Chevrolet's popular Camaro have grown steadily at auto dealerships in Alberta during the past 5 years (see table below). Using exponential smoothing with a smoothing constant (α) of 0.30 and
Exponential smoothing is a popular forecasting technique that utilizes past data points to forecast future trends and to reduce forecasting errors. using exponential smoothing with a smoothing constant (α) of 0.30, the forecasted sales for Chevrolet's popular Camaro in Alberta for year 6 is 41.20 units.
In this case, we will use the exponential smoothing method with a smoothing constant of 0.30 to forecast the sales of Chevrolet's popular Camaro in Alberta. The formula for exponential smoothing is: Ft+1 = α(Dt) + (1 - α)FtWhere:
Ft+1 = forecast for the next period
α = smoothing constant
Dt = actual demand in the current period
Ft = forecast for the current period
We are given the following sales data for Chevrolet's popular Camaro in Alberta for the past 5 years: Year Sales
1 25
2 30
3 35
4 45
5 50
Using exponential smoothing with a smoothing constant (α) of 0.30, we can forecast the sales of Chevrolet's popular Camaro in Alberta for the next period. We can use the following steps to calculate the forecast:Step 1: Calculate the forecast for year 1.
F1 = 25Step 2: Calculate the forecast for year 2.
F2 = α(D1) + (1 - α)F1
F2 = 0.30(25) + (1 - 0.30)25
F2 = 27.5Step 3: Calculate the forecast for year 3.
F3 = α(D2) + (1 - α)F2
F3 = 0.30(30) + (1 - 0.30)27.5
F3 = 29.25Step 4: Calculate the forecast for year 4.
F4 = α(D3) + (1 - α)F3
F4 = 0.30(35) + (1 - 0.30)29.25
F4 = 32.08Step 5: Calculate the forecast for year 5.
F5 = α(D4) + (1 - α)F4
F5 = 0.30(45) + (1 - 0.30)32.08
F5 = 37.86Therefore, the forecasted sales for year 6 are F6 = α(D5) + (1 - α)F5. F6 = 0.30(50) + (1 - 0.30)37.86 F6 = 41.20Thus, using exponential smoothing with a smoothing constant (α) of 0.30, the forecasted sales for Chevrolet's popular Camaro in Alberta for year 6 is 41.20 units.
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Read the HR strategy case and complete the three questions below. Case study: HR Strategy: E-Commerce Comes to Starlight book You are the HR director for Starlight Books in Cambridge, Ontario, a family-owned business since 1910. It has been very successful over the years, providing a wide range of books to its customers. Starlight Books motto is "You want it, we got - or we can get it fast." The company prides itself on high-quality customer service and the ability to live up to its motto fully. Starlight operations have spread from its single store in Toronto to thirty stores in Vancouver, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Alberta. The company locates its stores in medium-sized towns because it found competition in the larger cities was too great. It has a highly efficient distribution system to ensure that all stores can live up to its motto. Starlight's workforce is hired from the local store areas. Stores provide part-time work for local high school students, and full-time employees tend to range in age from the mid-twenties to the late thirties. The company offers a profit-sharing scheme for all its full-time employees. Turnover among these staff members is relatively low, with most staying with the company for several years. Over the past couple of years, the company's profits have been dropping. Market research has indicated that much of the company's loss in revenue can be attributed to booksellers operating on the internet. After many soul searching, the current CEO of the company has decided to take the company online. Initially, the company will run all of its e-commerce operations from its home site in Cambridge and use its existing distribution center. As to what this move to e-commerce means for the company's existing storefront operations, the CEO will only say, "well, we'll just have to wait and see about that." Questions: 1. Outline the company's strengths and weaknesses related to this change in mode of operation [5 marks] 2. Outline the opportunities and threats associated with this change in business strategy. [5 marks] 3. Outline the HR practice implications for staff of such a change in operations, specifically a. What changes, if any, would be needed in how people are hired and what kinds of skills and qualifications they would need to have? [5 marks] b. How would you appraise the performance of staff in the new e-commerce operations, and how would that differ from staff in the store sites? [5 marks] c. What new training and development programs would be required? [5 marks]
Furthermore, the company can offer cross-functional training to enable staff to understand how different functions such as sales and customer service work together to achieve the company's objectives. The company can also encourage staff to pursue further education and certification in relevant fields to enhance their skills and knowledge.
1. Company's strengths and weaknesses in this change in mode of operation Starlight Books is a company that has been very successful over the years. The company's motto is "You want it, we got it - or we can get it fast." The company prides itself on high-quality customer service and the ability to live up to its motto fully. The company's strengths can be attributed to its highly efficient distribution system to ensure that all stores can live up to its motto. Furthermore, the company's workforce is hired from the local store areas, and turnover among these staff members is relatively low, with most staying with the company for several years. Despite the company's strengths, it has weaknesses that relate to the change in mode of operation. Market research has indicated that much of the company's loss in revenue can be attributed to booksellers operating on the internet. Therefore, the company needs to adapt to the changing business environment to remain competitive.
2. Opportunities and threats associated with this change in business strategy Opportunities: By taking the company online, Starlight Books will expand its customer base beyond the existing storefronts. The e-commerce channel will enable the company to reach a larger audience, and it can attract customers from other regions where it does not have a physical store. The company can also offer a broader range of books to its customers through the e-commerce platform. Furthermore, the company can gain competitive advantage by leveraging technology to provide efficient customer service. Threats: The primary threat to Starlight Books from the shift to e-commerce is the increased competition from booksellers operating on the internet. E-commerce has enabled small players to compete effectively with large retailers, and this has disrupted traditional brick-and-mortar stores. Furthermore, the company may incur high costs associated with setting up an e-commerce platform and maintaining it.
3. HR practice implications for staff of such a change in operations
a. Changes needed in how people are hired and what kinds of skills and qualifications they would need to have. The move to e-commerce will require Starlight Books to hire staff with specialized skills such as digital marketing, web design, and development. The company may also need to hire staff to handle customer inquiries and complaints through the e-commerce platform. Therefore, the company needs to review its recruitment process to ensure that it attracts candidates with the necessary skills and qualifications.
b. Performance appraisal of staff in the new e-commerce operations, and how that differs from staff in the store sites Starlight Books should have different performance appraisal criteria for staff in the new e-commerce operations and staff in the store sites. For instance, the company can measure the performance of staff in the e-commerce operations by the number of online sales, customer satisfaction, and order processing time. On the other hand, the company can measure the performance of staff in the store sites by factors such as sales revenue, customer satisfaction, and store cleanliness.
c. New training and development programs required. The company may need to invest in training and development programs to prepare staff for the shift to e-commerce. The company can offer training programs on topics such as web design, customer service, and online marketing.
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There were following activities occurred during the first month of Babara Schmidt’s new hair cutting business called The Cutlery:
On August1, Schmidt put $3,000 cash into a chequing account in the name of The Cutlery. She also invested $15,000 of equipment that she already owned.
On August1, Schmidt paid $600 cash for six months of insurance effective immediately.
On August2, she paid $600 cash for furniture for the shop.
On August3, she paid $900 cash to rent space in a strip mall for August.
On August4, she furnished the shop by installing the old equipment and some new equipment that she bought on credit for $1,200. This amount is to be repaid in three equal payments at the end of August, September, and October.
On August5, Cash receipts from haircutting services provided in the first week and a half of business (ended August15) were $225.
On August15, Schmidt provided haircutting services on account for $100.
On August17, Schmidt received a $100 cheque in the mail for services previously rendered on account.
On August17, Schmidt paid $125 to an assistant for working during the grand opening.
On August18, Schmidt interviewed a job applicant. The applicant was successful in getting the position and will receive $750 per week for part-time work starting in September.
On August18, a regular customer paid $500 for services to be provided over the next three month.
Cash receipts from haircutting rendered during the 2nd half of August were $530.
On August31, Schmidt paid an instalment on the accounts payable
On August31, the August hydro bill for $75 was received. It will be paid on September14.
On August31, she withdrew $200 cash for her personal use.
Required:
· Prepare necessary journal entries for above activities occurred during the August.
· Prepare T-Accounts for all the accounts.
Prepare trial balance, balance sheet and income statement
The following activities occurred during the first month of Barbara Schmidt's hair cutting business, The Cutlery.
Cash was invested into a chequing account and equipment, insurance and furniture were purchased. Rent was paid, and the shop was furnished using a combination of old and new equipment. Cash was received from haircutting services provided, both in cash and on account. An assistant was paid, a job applicant was hired, and a regular customer made a payment. An instalment was paid on accounts payable, and a hydro bill was received. Finally, cash was withdrawn for personal use. To address these activities, journal entries need to be prepared, T-Accounts for all accounts should be created, and a trial balance, balance sheet, and income statement must be prepared.
To fully address the requirements, it would be more suitable to present the journal entries, T-Accounts, trial balance, balance sheet, and income statement in a tabular format or with proper formatting. Since text-based responses may not accurately convey the required information, I recommend utilizing accounting software or spreadsheet programs to organize the information and present it accurately.
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what is the assumption of rationality regarding economic decision
makers? Why is it integral to the definition of economics?
The assumption of rationality regarding economic decision-makers is a fundamental concept in economics. It assumes that individuals and organizations act in a rational manner by making choices that maximize their own self-interests or utility.
Rationality implies that individuals have well-defined preferences and make consistent decisions based on those preferences, considering the available information and resources.
This assumption is integral to the definition of economics because it provides a basis for analyzing and predicting economic behavior. By assuming rationality, economists can build models and theories to explain how individuals and firms make decisions regarding production, consumption, investment, and other economic activities. It allows for the formulation of hypotheses and predictions about human behavior in response to changes in economic variables such as prices, incomes, or policies.
While the assumption of rationality simplifies the analysis, it recognizes that individuals may have different goals, values, and levels of information. It does not imply that individuals always make optimal decisions or that they have perfect information. Instead, it serves as a starting point for understanding economic behavior and forms the basis for more sophisticated models that incorporate additional factors and deviations from perfect rationality.
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Which of the following is true regarding a comparison between the United States and Sweden?
Multiple Choice
A. The United States takes a higher percentage of its gross domestic product in taxes compared to Sweden.
B. The United States provides for paid parental leave, while Sweden does not.
C. The United States has a higher corporate tax rate compared to Sweden.
D. As of 2019, life expectancy in Sweden is higher than life expectancy in the United States.
The correct answer is: D. As of 2019, life expectancy in Sweden is higher than life expectancy in the United States.
Sweden has consistently had a higher life expectancy compared to the United States. According to data from 2019, the life expectancy in Sweden was around 82.8 years, while in the United States, it was slightly lower at around 78.8 years.
The other options presented are not accurate:
A. The United States generally has a lower overall tax burden (as a percentage of GDP) compared to Sweden. Sweden has a higher tax-to-GDP ratio than the United States.
B. Sweden does provide for paid parental leave, and it is known for its generous family policies. The United States, on the other hand, does not have a federal paid parental leave policy, although some states and companies may offer it.
C. Sweden has a higher corporate tax rate compared to the United States. As of 2021, Sweden's corporate tax rate is 21.4%, while the United States has a federal corporate tax rate of 21%, although there can be variations at the state level.
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Marriott has $1.489 (million) worth of inventory and their COGS are $10.720 million. Their average holding cost per unit per year is $13.3. What is the average inventory cost per unit for Marriott? Instruction: Round your answer to the nearest 50.01 The average inventory cost per unit .......
The average inventory cost per unit for Marriott is $1,450.
How much does each unit of Marriott's inventory cost on average?Inventory cost per unit is calculated by dividing the total inventory value by the total number of units in inventory. In this case, Marriott's inventory is worth $1.489 million, and their average holding cost per unit per year is $13.3.
To find the average inventory cost per unit, we divide the inventory value by the holding cost per unit, resulting in approximately 111,654 units. Rounding this number to the nearest 50, we get 111,650 units. Finally, dividing the inventory value by the number of units gives us the average inventory cost per unit of $1,450.
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determine the number of people cyclically unemployed for the year 2004.
To determine the number of people cyclically unemployed for the year 2004, we would need access to specific data and information related to employment and unemployment during that period.
Cyclical unemployment refers to the fluctuation in employment levels caused by changes in the business cycle. During economic downturns or recessions, the number of people facing cyclical unemployment tends to increase as businesses reduce their workforce due to decreased demand.
To obtain the number of people cyclically unemployed for the year 2004, you would need access to data sources such as government reports, labor market surveys, or economic indicators that provide information on unemployment rates and trends for that specific year. By analyzing the data and considering the relevant definitions and methodologies used, it would be possible to estimate the number of people cyclically unemployed during that period.
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Written Assignment 1
In what ways is the Zara model counter-intuitive? In what ways
has Zara’s model made the firm a better performer than Gap and
other competitors? Zara’s just-in-time, verticall
The Zara model is one that is very counter-intuitive in several ways. In particular, it is built around the idea of fast fashion, which is in itself a radical departure from traditional clothing retail models.
Rather than building inventory based on what is likely to sell in the long run, Zara instead builds small quantities of items based on customer demand. The items that are most popular with customers are then produced in larger quantities.The company's just-in-time, vertical integration model is designed to give them the flexibility and agility to respond to changing customer tastes and preferences in a very short amount of time. By being able to quickly pivot their manufacturing and distribution processes, they can offer customers the latest trends and styles as they emerge.This model has allowed Zara to become a better performer than Gap and other competitors in several ways. For one, it allows them to be much more efficient in their production processes. This translates into lower production costs, which in turn allows them to offer their products at more competitive prices. Additionally, Zara's model also gives them a competitive advantage in terms of product innovation. By being able to quickly develop new products and bring them to market, Zara is able to stay ahead of its competition and offer customers the latest styles and trends.In summary, the Zara model is counter-intuitive in that it relies on a fast fashion approach rather than building inventory based on long-term projections. However, this model has allowed them to be more efficient, innovative, and competitive than their rivals.
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fast
QUESTION 11 A manager wishes to simulate 10 days of operation of an inventory system. The beginning inventory at the start of the first day is 64 units. Demand is known to be uniformly distributed in
To simulate 10 days of operation of an inventory system with a beginning inventory of 64 units and uniformly distributed demand, the manager needs to generate random numbers within the desired range of demand and calculate the ending inventory for each day based on the generated demand and beginning inventory.
To simulate the 10 days of operation, the manager can use a random number generator to generate demand values within the specified range. Let's assume the range for demand is between 20 and 80 units. For each day, a random demand value within this range can be generated.
The ending inventory for each day can be calculated by subtracting the generated demand from the beginning inventory. If the ending inventory is positive, it represents the remaining stock. If it is negative, it indicates a stockout or shortage. The ending inventory for each day becomes the beginning inventory for the next day.
For example, on the first day, if the generated demand is 50 units, the ending inventory would be 64 - 50 = 14 units. This ending inventory then becomes the beginning inventory for the second day, and the process is repeated for the remaining days.
By simulating the demand and calculating the ending inventory for each day, the manager can observe the fluctuations in inventory levels and evaluate the effectiveness of the inventory system over the simulated 10-day period.
To simulate 10 days of operation for an inventory system with a beginning inventory of 64 units and uniformly distributed demand, the manager can generate random demand values within the desired range for each day. Calculating the ending inventory by subtracting the generated demand from the beginning inventory allows for observation of inventory fluctuations and assessment of the inventory system's performance.
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An economy's production possibility boundary is given by the mathematical expression 180 = 2 A+ B, where A is the quantity of good "a" and B is the quantity of good "b". [Hint: To help you answer this question, use the formula Y = mx + b and have good "a" quantities correspond to X-axis values and good "b" quantities correspond to Y-axis values.] Part 1: If all the resources in the economy are allocated to producing good "a", what is the maximum level of production for this good Number Part 2: What is the maximum level of production for good "b" Number Part 3: What is the opportunity cost per unit of increasing the production of good "b" Number Part 4: Can the combination of 10 units of good A and 10 units of good B be produced in this economy (yes=1, no=2) Number Part 5: Can the combination of 26 units of good A and 19 units of good B be produced in this economy (yes=1, no=2)
To analyze the given production possibility boundary equation, let's consider the following:
Part 1: If all the resources are allocated to producing good "a," we set the equation to its maximum value and solve for A:
180 = 2A + B
180 = 2A
A = 90
Therefore, the maximum level of production for good "a" is 90 units.
Part 2: To find the maximum level of production for good "b," we set the equation to its maximum value and solve for B:
180 = 2A + B
180 = B
B = 180
Thus, the maximum level of production for good "b" is 180 units.
Part 3: The opportunity cost per unit of increasing the production of good "b" can be determined by calculating the slope of the production possibility boundary. The slope represents the rate at which one good is exchanged for another. In this case, the slope is given by the coefficient of A in the equation, which is 2. Therefore, the opportunity cost per unit of increasing the production of good "b" is 2 units of good "a."
Part 4: To determine if the combination of 10 units of good A and 10 units of good B can be produced, we substitute the values into the equation:
180 = 2A + B
180 = 2(10) + 10
180 = 20 + 10
180 = 30
Since 180 does not equal 30, the combination of 10 units of good A and 10 units of good B cannot be produced in this economy. Therefore, the answer is 2 (no).
Part 5: Similarly, we substitute the values into the equation to determine if the combination of 26 units of good A and 19 units of good B can be produced:
180 = 2A + B
180 = 2(26) + 19
180 = 52 + 19
180 = 71
Since 180 does not equal 71, the combination of 26 units of good A and 19 units of good B cannot be produced in this economy. Thus, the answer is 2 (no).
In summary, the maximum level of production for good "a" is 90 units, for good "b" is 180 units, and the opportunity cost per unit of increasing the production of good "b" is 2 units of good "a." Additionally, the combinations of 10 units of good A and 10 units of good B, as well as 26 units of good A and 19 units of good B, cannot be produced in this economy.
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Which cultural effects will most significantly influence/affect
Harley-Davidson’s success? Explain, Why? How? Etc. Please clearly
identify the cultural effects and I will upvote.
The cultural effects that would most significantly impact Harley-Davidson’s success include the following:Demographic shifts: Demographic changes would affect Harley-Davidson’s success in a significant way. In the United States, as well as in other parts of the world, people are aging and having fewer children.
Changes in values: Values are changing at a rapid rate, and these shifts have the potential to impact the popularity of Harley-Davidson’s brand. Customers are becoming more environmentally conscious, which is leading to a preference for more fuel-efficient modes of transportation.Popularity of motorcycling: The popularity of motorcycling is declining, and this could affect Harley-Davidson’s success. The United States experienced a significant decline in motorcycle sales between 2007 and 2009, and it is uncertain whether or not the trend will reverse in the future.
Consumer behavior: Consumer behavior is a critical factor in the success of Harley-Davidson. Consumers are becoming more reliant on technology, which has made it easier for them to compare prices, quality, and features of different products.In conclusion, demographic shifts, changes in values, popularity of motorcycling, and consumer behavior are all cultural effects that could impact the success of Harley-Davidson. These effects could affect the brand's ability to attract customers and remain relevant in the market.
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PA 11-8 (Static) High Plains Inc. manufacturers furniture in North Dakota. High Plains... High Plains Inc. manufacturers furniture in North Dakota. High Plains receives its wood from a lumber yard in Calgary. The lead time for orders is 3 weeks. One of their board costs $15 per unit and the holding cost for this board is $0.5 per week. They manage their inventory to achieve a 99 percent in-stock probability. Weekly demand is for 250 boards with a standard deviation of 200. Use Table 11.5 a. How many boards do they have on on order on average? boards b.How many boards do they have on hand on average? boards c. For this board what is the total holding cost incurred per week? per week (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) d.What is the holding cost they incur per board? per board
a. To calculate the average number of boards on order, we need to consider the lead time and the average demand during that lead time. The lead time is 3 weeks, and the average demand is the weekly demand multiplied by the lead time.
Average demand during lead time = Weekly demand * Lead time
Average demand during lead time = 250 boards * 3 weeks
Average demand during lead time = 750 boards
Therefore, the average number of boards on order is **750 boards**.
b. To calculate the average number of boards on hand, we subtract the average demand during the lead time from the reorder point. The reorder point is calculated based on the desired in-stock probability.
Reorder point = Average demand during lead time + Safety stock
Safety stock = Z * Standard deviation of demand
Z (from Table 11.5 for a 99% in-stock probability) = 2.33
Safety stock = 2.33 * 200 boards (standard deviation of demand)
Safety stock = 466 boards
Reorder point = Average demand during lead time + Safety stock
Reorder point = 750 boards + 466 boards
Reorder point = 1216 boards
Average number of boards on hand = Reorder point - Average demand during lead time
Average number of boards on hand = 1216 boards - 750 boards
Therefore, the average number of boards on hand is **466 boards**.
c. The total holding cost incurred per week can be calculated by multiplying the average number of boards on hand by the holding cost per board per week.
Total holding cost per week = Average number of boards on hand * Holding cost per board per week
Total holding cost per week = 466 boards * $0.5 per board per week
Therefore, the total holding cost incurred per week is **$233**.
d. The holding cost incurred per board can be calculated by dividing the total holding cost per week by the average number of boards on hand.
Holding cost per board = Total holding cost per week / Average number of boards on hand
Holding cost per board = $233 / 466 boards
Therefore, the holding cost they incur per board is approximately **$0.50** per board.
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