Return on total assets = 0.25 or 25%e) Return on stockholders' equity = 0.17 or 17%f) Return on common stockholders' equity = 0.23 or 23%.
a) Ratio of fixed assets to long-term liabilities
Fixed assets (net) = $1,040,000Long-term liabilities = $800,000
Ratio of fixed assets to long-term liabilities = Fixed assets (net) / Long-term liabilities= $1,040,000 / $800,000= 1.30
b) Ratio of liabilities to stockholders' equity Liabilities = $960,000
Stockholders' equity = $1,920,000
Ratio of liabilities to stockholders' equity = Liabilities / Stockholders' equity= $960,000 / $1,920,000= 0.50
c) Asset turnover Asset turnover = Sales / Total assets= $16,567,200 / $2,736,000= 6.05
d) Return on total assets Return on total assets = Net income + Interest expense / Total assets= $614,000 + $48,000 / $2,736,000= 0.25 or 25%
e) Return on stockholders' equity Return on stockholders' equity = Net income - Preferred dividends / Stockholders' equity= $614,000 - $270,000 / $1,920,000= 0.17 or 17%
f) Return on common stockholders' equity Return on common stockholders' equity = Net income - Preferred dividends - Common dividends / Common stockholders' equity= $614,000 - $270,000 - $48,000 / $1,344,000= 0.23 or 23%
Therefore, the answer to the question are:
a) Ratio of fixed assets to long-term liabilities = 1.30
b) Ratio of liabilities to stockholders' equity = 0.50
c) Asset turnover = 6.05
d) Return on total assets = 0.25 or 25%
e) Return on stockholders' equity = 0.17 or 17%
f) Return on common stockholders' equity = 0.23 or 23%.
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Under what circumstances are the effective annual interest rate and the effective period interest rate equal?
A.Never true
B.If the number of compounding periods per year is one
C.If the number of compounding periods per year is infinite
D.Always true
The effective annual interest rate and the effective period interest rate are equal under specific circumstances. The correct option is B.
The effective annual interest rate (EAR) and the effective period interest rate (EPR) represent the true cost of borrowing or the true return on investment over a given period. Generally, the EAR is higher than the EPR because it takes into account the effect of compounding.
However, if the number of compounding periods per year is one (i.e., annual compounding), the EAR and the EPR are equal. This means that the interest is not compounded during the year, and the borrower or investor receives the same return on their investment or loan as the EPR suggests. In this case, the interest is only compounded once per year, and there is no difference between the annual and period interest rates. This means that the effective annual interest rate and the effective period interest rate are the same, as there is no additional compounding throughout the year.
On the other hand, if the compounding periods per year are infinite, the EAR approaches a limit known as the continuous compounding rate, which is higher than the EPR.
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how does carbon emissions affect the economic growth for
countries
Carbon emissions refer to the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which contributes to global warming and climate change.
The effects of carbon emissions on economic growth are complex, and there is a significant debate among economists about the trade-offs between economic growth and environmental protection. However, in general, it can be said that carbon emissions have a negative impact on economic growth for several reasons.
First, carbon emissions can result in increased costs for companies and governments as they attempt to mitigate the effects of climate change, such as investing in renewable energy and reducing emissions. This can lead to reduced profits, higher taxes, and increased public debt.
Second, carbon emissions can also lead to health problems, particularly respiratory diseases, which can result in increased healthcare costs for individuals and governments. This, in turn, can have a negative impact on economic growth, as healthy populations are generally more productive than unhealthy ones.
Finally, carbon emissions can lead to environmental damage, such as air and water pollution, which can reduce the productivity of land and water resources. This can have a negative impact on industries such as agriculture and tourism, which rely on these resources for their livelihoods.
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What is the price of a bond with the following information? It is 1.5 years until expiration. The coupon rate is 8 percent and coupon payments are made once per year. The market rate of return is 9.2
The price of the bond can be calculated using the present value formula, taking into account the coupon payments and the final principal payment. With a coupon rate of 8 percent and annual coupon payments, and a market rate of return of 9.2 percent, the bond's price can be determined by discounting the future cash flows.
To calculate the price of the bond, we need to discount the future cash flows, which include the annual coupon payments and the final principal payment at maturity. In this case, the bond has a coupon rate of 8 percent, meaning that the annual coupon payment is 8 percent of the face value. Since the coupon payments are made once per year, we can calculate the present value of these cash flows using the market rate of return of 9.2 percent and the time to expiration of 1.5 years.
By discounting each of the future cash flows and summing them up, we can determine the present value of the bond. This present value represents the price of the bond in the market. The price of the bond will be lower than the face value if the market rate of return is higher than the coupon rate, and vice versa. The specific calculation can be performed using the present value formula, taking into account the time to expiration, coupon rate, coupon payments, and the market rate of return.
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Required: In light of the above, the student must prepare an integrated plan for managing human resources for a famous clothing factory in the Tenth of Ramadan City - the Arab Republic of Egypt, which has 5,000 workers and administrative employees distributed over the administrative headquarters in Cairo Governorate, the factory, and (18) clothing sales and distribution outlets in all governorates of Egypt, The factory contains (10) production lines for the manufacture and assortment of men's and women's clothing and children's clothing of different ages The company's human resource management plan includes the following: Preparing the organizational structure of the company. Mechanisms of planning and distributing employment in the company and building a work team. Design job description cards for the most important departments of the company. Preparing different models for evaluating different jobs in the company. Preparing and designing the general structure of wages and salaries in the company. Implementation of the process of preparing and designing the incentives, benefits and compensation program. Forming the operational plan for the company's workforce. Preparing the company's selection and appointment regulations. Preparing a regulation and work system for distribution outlets. Preparing a list of disciplinary sanctions for the factory. Preparing and designing some administrative models for distribution outlets. Preparing and designing a training and development plan for employees with the preparation of a training needs assessment form. Preparing a plan for selecting and hiring workers. Preparing a proposal for a plan for occupational safety and security for the factory Designing a job satisfaction survey questionnaire Preparing a plan for promotions. Preparing the annual budget for the Human Resources Department for the year 2022.
The student is required to prepare an integrated plan for managing human resources in a clothing factory in Tenth of Ramadan City, Egypt, encompassing organizational structure, employment planning, job descriptions, job evaluation, wages and salaries, incentives, workforce planning, selection regulations, outlet regulations, disciplinary sanctions, training and development, hiring plan, occupational safety, job satisfaction survey, promotions, and the HR budget for 2022.
The student needs to develop a comprehensive plan to effectively manage human resources in the clothing factory. This includes designing the organizational structure, ensuring efficient employment planning and building strong work teams. Job description cards should be created for key departments, and different models should be developed for evaluating various jobs. The general structure of wages and salaries needs to be prepared, along with incentives and compensation programs. An operational plan for the workforce should be formulated, and selection and appointment regulations must be established. Regulations and work systems for distribution outlets, disciplinary sanctions, administrative models, training and development plans, hiring strategies, occupational safety proposals, job satisfaction surveys, promotion plans, and the HR budget for 2022 should also be included in the integrated plan.
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A country with a small per capita gross domestic product (GDP) 4 O is economically healthy. O is efficient.. O produces too much. O has high income. O has low living standards.
The statement "A country with a small per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is economically healthy" is not necessarily true.
Per capita GDP is calculated by dividing the total GDP of a country by its population, and it provides an estimate of the economic output per individual in the country.
A small per capita GDP could indicate several things about a country's economic health. It could mean that the country has a relatively low level of economic development, limited access to resources, or inefficient use of available resources. This could lead to low levels of income, high poverty rates, and low living standards.
Alternatively, a country with a small per capita GDP could be efficient in how it uses its resources, producing goods and services that are in high demand and generating sufficient income to support its population.
Therefore, the statement is incomplete and needs further information or context to determine whether a country with a small per capita GDP is economically healthy or not. A country's economic health should be assessed based on several factors beyond just its per capita GDP, such as employment rates, inflation, poverty rates, infrastructure, education, healthcare, and more.
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What is the communications dilemma for major low cost fashion
brands like H&M or Zara? Should these brands be concerned with
or address questions of sustainability or characterizations as fast
fas
Major low-cost fashion brands like H&M or Zara face a communications dilemma regarding sustainability and their characterization as fast fashion. The question arises whether these brands should address and prioritize sustainability concerns or continue with their fast fashion business model.
The communications dilemma for major low-cost fashion brands like H&M or Zara revolves around sustainability and their reputation as fast fashion retailers. Fast fashion refers to the production of inexpensive clothing that quickly follows trends but often comes at the expense of environmental and social impacts. As sustainability becomes an increasingly important concern for consumers, these brands face the challenge of addressing these issues while maintaining their profitability and business model.
On one hand, addressing sustainability concerns can improve the brands' reputation, attract environmentally conscious consumers, and align with changing societal values. It can involve implementing sustainable sourcing practices, reducing waste, and promoting ethical labor conditions throughout the supply chain. By doing so, these brands can position themselves as responsible players in the fashion industry.
On the other hand, major low-cost fashion brands operate on a fast fashion model that relies on frequent product turnover and low prices to meet consumer demand. Shifting towards more sustainable practices may result in increased costs, longer production cycles, and potentially higher prices for consumers. This could challenge their competitive advantage and customer expectations.
Finding a balance between sustainability and profitability is the key challenge for these brands. They need to carefully communicate their efforts towards sustainability while addressing customer expectations for affordable and trendy fashion. This can be done through transparent communication, emphasizing initiatives like recycling programs, clothing donations, and sustainable collections, while also working towards improving their overall sustainability performance.
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you establish a straddle on walmart using september call and put options with a strike price of $85. the call premium is $7.25 and the put premium is $8.00.
The maximum loss that may occur is limited to the $1,525 straddle cost.
A straddle is a market-neutral options trading technique used to benefit from high volatility. When market volatility is expected, this strategy is implemented. The strategy entails purchasing an equal number of puts and calls with the same strike price and expiration date.A straddle strategy can be used to trade Walmart stock using September call and put options with an $85 strike price and a call premium of $7.25 and a put premium of $8.00.The following is how you establish a straddle strategy:Buying 1 September 85 call option at $7.25 costs $725 (1 option contract = 100 shares)Buying 1 September 85 put option at $8.00 costs $800 (1 option contract = 100 shares)As a result, the overall cost of the straddle is $1,525 ($725 + $800).You would make a profit if the Walmart stock price rises above $96.25 or falls below $73.75, which is the $85 strike price plus or minus the total straddle cost of $15.25. The maximum loss that may occur is limited to the $1,525 straddle cost.
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2. (a) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of regulating the banking system. (10 marks) (b) Explain the problem of pro-cyclicality arising from the regulation of the banking system and discuss solutions to this problem. (15 marks)
Regulating the banking system is the act of monitoring financial institutions' activities to ensure that they adhere to specific laws, regulations, and guidelines. Financial systems around the world are essential for driving economic development. The banking system is an integral part of this economic development. Here are the advantages and disadvantages of regulating the banking system.
Advantages of regulating the banking system are:
1. Protection of Depositors: Regulating the banking system safeguards depositors' money from banking institutions' potential collapse.
2. Maintain Financial Stability: The banking system's regulation ensures that the financial system remains stable and does not lead to financial crashes or economic depressions.
3. Control of Inflation: The Central Bank, as a regulator, can control inflation and maintain price stability.
4. Improved Consumer Protection: Regulating the banking system ensures that banks operate transparently, resulting in enhanced customer protection.
5. Protect the Economy: Regulating the banking system ensures the stability of the financial system, which, in turn, protects the economy.
Disadvantages of regulating the banking system are:
1. Increase in Cost: Regulating the banking system requires a lot of resources, including finances, which can increase the cost of operation.
2. Limitation of Competition: Regulating the banking system can limit the growth of new entrants into the banking industry, resulting in limited competition.
3. Bureaucracy: Regulations may lead to bureaucratic problems, resulting in slow decision-making processes.
Pro-cyclicality is a situation in which regulations that are intended to limit risks in the banking system end up exacerbating the business cycle's fluctuations.
One possible solution to the problem of pro-cyclicality is to develop macro-prudential policies. Such policies will allow policymakers to identify and manage risks to the financial system before they become problematic. Secondly, developing counter-cyclical capital buffers is another possible solution. The central bank could require banks to keep additional capital during an economic boom to be used during a recession.
Finally, the regulatory authorities could undertake the formation of a regulatory framework that aims to encourage the pro-active approach by financial institutions, encourage more efficient risk-management, and promote more liquidity buffers.
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As
a real estate salesperson, selling a $3 million home, what will you
say in your sales presentation to influence your client. Name three
talking points
In the sales presentation for a $3 million home, I would discuss the neighborhood, amenities, and unique features of the home. I would emphasize the benefits of owning the property and highlight its potential future resale value.
As a real estate salesperson, selling a $3 million home, what you will say in your sales presentation to influence your client are:1. Discuss the neighborhood, amenities, and features of the homeOne talking point in your sales presentation to influence your client is to discuss the neighborhood, amenities, and features of the home. The neighborhood and the amenities it offers should be a focal point of your sales presentation. You should also describe in detail all of the features of the home that will set it apart from other homes that are on the market.2. Show them the benefits of owning the homeAnother talking point in your sales presentation to influence your client is to show them the benefits of owning the home. Owning a $3 million home will come with many perks, such as social status, great schools, access to high-end amenities, etc.3. Highlight the future resale value of the homeLastly, you should highlight the future resale value of the home. A property of this value is likely to appreciate, and this is an excellent selling point for your client. This is especially true if you are selling a home in an up-and-coming neighborhood where home values are expected to rise.
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What are the appropriate practices to avoid discriminatory
conduct in an interview process?
Interviews are a significant part of the hiring process, and every step of the way, employers must take care to avoid discriminating against potential employees. Here are a few practices to avoid discriminatory conduct in the interview process:1. Comply with all employment laws and regulations:
Employment laws and regulations are intended to prevent discrimination during the hiring process. Compliance with these laws requires that employers examine their hiring practices and their policies and procedures for interviewing applicants. The following are some examples of federal employment laws and regulations that may apply to employers: Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), which prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), which prohibits employment discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA), which prohibits employment discrimination against individuals 40 years of age or older.2. Use objective job requirements and qualifications: To minimize the potential for discriminatory conduct during the interview process, it is essential to use objective job requirements and qualifications. Objective requirements and qualifications are job-related and necessary for the safe and effective performance of the job. 3. Avoid asking questions that are not job-related: During the interview, employers must be careful not to ask questions that are not job-related. Questions that are not job-related may lead to discrimination against protected classes of individuals.
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what is the single equivalent discount rate of the trade discount 5 4 1
The term "single equivalent discount rate" of the trade discount 5 4 1 refers to the total discount rate for overall discount equal to that produced by applying separately sequential discounts of 5%, 4%, and 1%.
Discounts are frequently provided to clients in business or commerce as a means of enticing them to make purchases. These reductions can be used singly or in combination and are frequently stated as percentages. The overall discount that would result from applying several discounts consecutively can be calculated using the single equivalent discount rate.
We must identify the whole discount rate that results in the same overall price decrease in order to determine the single equivalent discount rate of the trade discount (5 4 1).
First, we figure up the final cost after the 5% discount. This is accomplished by taking 5% of the original price from the total. The net price is then subject to a 4% discount, followed by a 1% discount.
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Consider the purchase of a can of soda at a convenience store.
Describe the various stages
in the supply chain and the different flows involved.
What are some strategic, planning, and operational dec
The supply chain for a can of soda at a convenience store involves multiple stages and flows. Strategic, planning, and operational decisions are made at each stage to ensure efficient and timely delivery of the product.
The supply chain for a can of soda begins with sourcing and procurement of ingredients such as water, sugar, flavorings, and packaging materials. Once the ingredients are obtained, the manufacturing stage involves processing, blending, carbonation, and filling the cans. Afterward, the packaged cans are transported to distribution centers or warehouses, where they are stored and organized for delivery. From there, the cans are distributed to convenience stores and retailers through various transportation modes such as trucks or delivery vans. At the retail level, the cans are stocked on shelves or in coolers for customers to purchase.
Strategic decisions in the supply chain may involve selecting suppliers, establishing partnerships, and optimizing the distribution network. Planning decisions include production scheduling, inventory management, and demand forecasting to meet customer demand. Operational decisions focus on day-to-day activities such as production line management, transportation routing, and order fulfillment. Efficient coordination and information sharing among all stakeholders are essential to ensure a smooth flow of materials, products, and information throughout the supply chain, ultimately leading to the availability of the soda can for consumers at the convenience store.
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TES-712 Inc. is a retailer. Its accountants are preparing the company's 2nd quarter master budget. The company has the following balance sheet as of March 31.
TES-712 Inc.
Balance Sheet
March 31
Assets Cash $ 84,000
Accounts receivable 144,000
Inventory 63,750
Plant and equipment, net of depreciation 223,000
Total assets $ 514,750
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Accounts payable $ 84,000
Common stock 349,000
Retained earnings 81,750
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 514,750
TES-712 accountants have made the following estimates:
Sales for April, May, June, and July will be $340,000, $360,000, $350,000, and $370,000, respectively.
All sales are on credit. Each month’s credit sales are collected 35% in the month of sale and 65% in the month following the sale. All of the accounts receivable at March 31 will be collected in April.
Each month’s ending inventory must equal 25% of next month’s cost of goods sold. The cost of goods sold is 75% of sales. The company pays for 40% of its merchandise purchases in the month of the purchase and the remaining 60% in the month following the purchase. All of the accounts payable at March 31 are related to previous merchandise purchases and will be paid in April.
Monthly selling and administrative expenses are always $44,000. Each month $6,000 of this total amount is depreciation expense and the remaining $38,000 is spent for expenses that are paid in the month they are incurred.
The company will not borrow money or pay or declare dividends during the 2nd quarter. The company will not issue any common stock or repurchase its own stock during the 2nd quarter.
How much is the company's expected cash disbursement for merchandise in the month of April?How much is the company's expected merchandise purchases in the month of June?
How much is the company's expected total Net Operating Income for the 2nd quarter ending on June 30?
How much is the company's expected Accounts Receivable balance on June 30?
1. The company's expected cash disbursement for merchandise in the month of April is $675,000. 2. The company's expected merchandise purchases in the month of June are $693,750. 3 Net operating income for June is $44,000 4. the company's expected total Net Operating Income for the 2nd quarter ending on June 30 is -$192,000 (loss) and 5. The company's expected Accounts Receivable balance on June 30 is $371,500.
1. To determine the company's expected cash disbursement for merchandise in the month of April, we need to calculate the purchases made in April and the portion of those purchases that will be paid in the month of the purchase.
Given that the company pays for 40% of its merchandise purchases in the month of the purchase and the remaining 60% in the month following the purchase, we can calculate the expected cash disbursement for merchandise in April as follows:
Merchandise purchases in April = Cost of goods sold in May / (1 - 60%)
Cost of goods sold in May = 75% of sales in May
Sales in May = $360,000
Merchandise purchases in April = $360,000 * 0.75 / (1 - 0.6) = $360,000 * 0.75 / 0.4 = $675,000
Therefore, the company's expected cash disbursement for merchandise in the month of April is $675,000.
2. To determine the company's expected merchandise purchases in the month of June, we need to calculate the cost of goods sold in July and the portion of those costs that will be paid in the month of the purchase.
Cost of goods sold in July = 75% of sales in July = 75% of $370,000 = $277,500
Merchandise purchases in June = Cost of goods sold in July / (1 - 60%)
Merchandise purchases in June = $277,500 / (1 - 0.6) = $277,500 / 0.4 = $693,750
Therefore, the company's expected merchandise purchases in the month of June are $693,750.
3. To calculate the company's expected total Net Operating Income for the 2nd quarter ending on June 30, we need to calculate the net operating income for each month (April, May, and June) and sum them up.
Net operating income for April:
Total cash inflow in April: $263,000
Total expenses in April: $305,000
Net operating income for April: $263,000 - $305,000 = -$42,000 (loss)
Net operating income for May:
Total cash inflow in May: $126,000
Total expenses in May: $320,000
Net operating income for May: $126,000 - $320,000 = -$194,000 (loss)
Net operating income for June:
Total cash inflow in June: $356,500
Total expenses in June: $312,500
Net operating income for June: $356,500 - $312,500 = $44,000
4. To calculate the total Net Operating Income for the 2nd quarter, we sum up the net operating incomes for each month:
Total Net Operating Income = Net operating income for April + Net operating income for May + Net operating income for June
Total Net Operating Income = (-$42,000) + (-$194,000) + $44,000 = -$192,000
Therefore, the company's expected total Net Operating Income for the 2nd quarter ending on June 30 is -$192,000 (loss).
5. To calculate the company's expected Accounts Receivable balance on June 30, we need to consider the collections for June sales and the remaining accounts receivable balance.
Given the information provided:
Collections for June sales: 35% of $350,000 (June sales) = $122,500
Accounts receivable balance on March 31: $144,000
Accounts receivable balance on June 30 = Accounts receivable balance on March 31 + Sales in June - Collections for June sales
Accounts receivable balance on June 30 = $144,000 + $350,000 - $122,500
Accounts receivable balance on June 30 = $371,500
Therefore, the company's expected Accounts Receivable balance on June 30 is $371,500.
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Grainger Ltd makes sofa covers which are sold directly to the public via the company’s website. The business has expanded over the last couple of years and has recently appointed you as management accountant to replace Mark Arthurs, the retiring office manager. To help you on your arrival, Mark Arthurs has supplied the following standard costing data, based on observations and financial records.
Quantity of resource
Cost per unit of resource (£)
Standard cost per unit (£)
Direct materials
14 m2 (square metres)
20
280
Direct Labour
10 hours
11.50
115
Total
395
Planned output for October (your first month in the post) had been 2,300 units, however, due to the current trend for refurbishing existing furniture rather than replacing it, the actual output in the month was 2,622 units. The month had, however, been challenging, with staff shortages being plugged using agency staff and fabric is difficult to source due to supply chain issues.
The report of actual costs incurred in October is as follows:
Quantity of resource
Total Cost (£)
Direct materials
38,019 m2 (square metres)
798,399
Direct Labour
31,464 hours
373,635
Total
1,172,034
In a meeting to discuss cost control in the period, Stuart Brown, the production manager, made the following statement: "in preparing for this meeting I’ve done some calculations: output was 14% higher than planned but our cost per unit was only 13.2% higher than standard: what a fantastic job the team’s done in controlling our costs!"
Required:
Calculate the total direct materials variance and total direct labour variance, together with their respective sub-variances.
(21 marks)
Show how Stuart derived the percentages quoted in his statement and consider its validity. Discuss whether or not you agree that costs have been well controlled in the period.
(4 marks)
The total direct materials variance is £400,569 (Favorable) and the total direct labor variance is £20,009 (Unfavorable). The direct materials variance includes a price variance of £80,460 (Favorable) and an efficiency variance of £320,109 (Favorable).
The direct labor variance includes a rate variance of £21,570 (Unfavorable) and an efficiency variance of £41,579 (Favorable). Stuart derived the percentages by comparing the actual costs to the standard costs, resulting in a 13.2% increase in cost per unit despite a 14% increase in output. as that require attention. While the team did well in controlling costs in some areas, such as direct materials, the unfavorable direct labor variance indicates room for improvement. Overall, cost control has been moderate, but there are areas that require attention. The total direct materials variance is calculated by subtracting the standard cost of direct materials from the actual cost of direct materials. In this case, it is £798,399 (actual cost) - £437,220 (standard cost), resulting in a favorable variance of £400,569. The direct materials variance is further divided into a price variance and an efficiency variance. The price variance is calculated by multiplying the actual quantity of direct materials by the difference between the actual cost per unit and the standard cost per unit (£38,019 × (£20 - £28) = £80,460 favorable). The efficiency variance is calculated by multiplying the standard cost per unit by the difference between the actual quantity of direct materials used and the standard quantity allowed (£280 × (38,019 - 2,622) = £320,109 favorable). The total direct labor variance is calculated by subtracting the standard cost of direct labor from the actual cost of direct labor. In this case, it is £373,635 (actual cost) - £393,644 (standard cost), resulting in an unfavorable variance of £20,009.
The direct labor variance is also divided into a rate variance and an efficiency variance. The rate variance is calculated by multiplying the actual hours worked by the difference between the actual rate per hour and the standard rate per hour (31,464 × (£11.50 - £11) = £21,570 unfavorable). The efficiency variance is calculated by multiplying the standard rate per hour by the difference between the actual hours worked and the standard hours allowed (£11 × (31,464 - 2,622) = £41,579 favorable). Stuart derived the percentages by comparing the actual costs to the standard costs. The increase in output was 14% (2,622 units / 2,300 units), while the increase in cost per unit was 13.2% (£1,172,034 / (£395 × 2,300) - 1). While the team did well in controlling costs in terms of direct materials (favorable variance), the unfavorable direct labor variance suggests that more efficient use of labor could have been achieved.
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Adopting Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodologies can help employees
manage their time better, resulting in a more productive and
efficient end-product. Explain how Lean Six Sigma (LSS) deployment
has helpe
The deployment of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodologies has proven to help employees manage their time better, leading to increased productivity and efficiency.
Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is a powerful methodology that combines Lean principles and Six Sigma tools to drive process improvement and enhance organizational performance. One of the key benefits of LSS deployment is the improvement in time management for employees.LSS focuses on identifying and eliminating waste in processes, such as unnecessary tasks, rework, waiting time, and excessive movement. By streamlining workflows and eliminating non-value-added activities, employees can utilize their time more efficiently and effectively. This leads to improved productivity as they can concentrate on value-adding tasks that contribute directly to the end-product or service.
Additionally, LSS emphasizes process optimization and reducing process variation. By identifying and addressing root causes of inefficiencies, LSS helps employees work smarter rather than harder. Through data-driven analysis and the use of statistical tools, LSS allows for better understanding and control of processes, enabling employees to make informed decisions and allocate their time wisely.
Furthermore, LSS encourages the use of standardized work procedures and visual management techniques. This promotes consistency, clarity, and transparency in task management. Employees can follow standardized processes, reducing ambiguity and confusion, and improving overall efficiency. Visual management tools such as Kanban boards and visual cues help employees prioritize tasks, track progress, and manage their time effectively.
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What is the meaning of market failure? Identify the fundamental causes of market failure and show how public finance programs can reduce the impact of market failure. Your answer is to be 2-3 pages long (3 maximum)
(can the answer be clearly written and only sent/posted to me, i would like to use it as a guide)
Market failure refers to a situation in which the allocation of goods and services by a free market fails to achieve an efficient outcome. It occurs when the market mechanism fails to account for all the costs and benefits associated with the production or consumption of a good or service, resulting in an inefficient allocation of resources.
There are several fundamental causes of market failure:
Externalities: These are costs or benefits that affect parties not directly involved in the production or consumption of a good or service. Positive externalities, such as education or vaccination programs, are underprovided by the market, while negative externalities, such as pollution, are overproduced.
Public Goods: Public goods are non-excludable and non-rivalrous, meaning individuals cannot be excluded from their consumption and one person's consumption does not reduce availability for others. Since private markets cannot charge for their use, they are often underprovided.
Imperfect Information: When buyers or sellers have incomplete or asymmetric information, it can lead to market failure. Adverse selection and moral hazard are examples of information problems that can distort market outcomes.
Market Power: Monopolies and oligopolies can abuse their market power to restrict output, raise prices, and reduce consumer welfare.
Public finance programs can help reduce the impact of market failure by addressing these fundamental causes:
Government Regulation: Governments can implement regulations to correct negative externalities, such as imposing emissions standards on polluting industries or implementing safety regulations to protect consumers.
Public Provision of Goods: The government can provide public goods that the market would underprovide, such as national defense or infrastructure. Through taxation, the government can finance the production and provision of these goods.
Subsidies and Taxes: Governments can use subsidies and taxes to incentivize or disincentivize certain behaviors. For example, subsidizing renewable energy production can help address the negative externality of carbon emissions.
Antitrust and Competition Policies: Governments can regulate and monitor markets to prevent the abuse of market power by monopolies or oligopolies, promoting fair competition and protecting consumer interests.
By implementing public finance programs, governments can intervene in the market to correct market failures and promote efficient resource allocation, ensuring the well-being of society and addressing collective concerns that the market alone may not adequately address.
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Which statement is correct? O a. There could be more than one critical path in a network of activities O b. Critical path is made of activities with longest waiting times and interruptions Oc. Reducing the flow time of an activity on the critical path would always reduce the flow time of the process Od. Delay in performing the activities that are not on the critical path would never lead to a delay in the overall time of the process
The statement that is correct is, "There could be more than one critical path in a network of activities." A critical path is a set of activities that are interrelated with each other. It is the longest path in the network, and it must be finished in order for the project to be completed.
Because it plays a crucial role in the success of a project, it is referred to as the "critical path." It is correct that there could be more than one critical path in a network of activities. The presence of multiple paths with the same length may also lead to a more complex analysis. Two or more paths with identical duration and critical activity sequences are known as parallel critical paths. A critical path can't be constructed using the activities with the longest waiting periods and interruptions. The longest path in the network is known as the critical path, and it may contain activities with the shortest and the longest waiting periods.
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Question 3 (1 point) 4) Listen Which of the tasks listed below will middle managers most likely have to perform? a) facilitating a bottom-up planning approach to supervising b) managing the performance of entry-level employees c) implementing the changes generated by top managers d) developing employees' commitment to and ownership of the company's performance Question 2 (1 point) ✓ Saved Listen A Canadian magazine published a recipe for dinner rolls and the description had a religious connotation. The ensuing controversy forced the magazine to pull its issue off newsstands and issue an apology. Which management function did the magazine employ by issuing an apology to readers? a) planning b) organizing c) controlling d) leading
The management function of the Canadian magazine is an example of leading, which focuses on directing and motivating employees to achieve the organization's objectives. By issuing an apology, the magazine showed the act of leadership by taking responsibility for its actions and attempting to correct the situation. A leader's role is to motivate and inspire their team members to work together and achieve the organizational goals, which the magazine demonstrated through its actions. The magazine responded to the situation promptly, acknowledged its mistake, and issued an apology, which is a significant act of leadership.
Middle managers are likely to be tasked with implementing the changes generated by top managers. As per the organizational structure, middle managers are responsible for executing the strategies planned by top managers, which is possible through the supervision and management of entry-level employees and other employees. It is a crucial responsibility for middle managers to develop employees' commitment to the company's performance, and it includes motivating and inspiring their team members to work collaboratively and towards achieving the company's objectives. Therefore, the most likely task to be performed by middle managers is implementing the changes generated by top managers.
In conclusion, the most likely task for middle managers is to implement changes generated by top managers, whereas the management function employed by the Canadian magazine in question 2 was leading. The magazine showed leadership by taking accountability for its mistake and attempting to correct the situation.
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Congratulations! You have just won $517 million in the largest Powerball jackpot payoff ever! You will receive payments of $30,000,000 per year for the next 20 years. Use Table 6-5. (Use appropriate factor from the table provided.) Required:
Calculate the present value of your lottery winnings, assuming an interest rate of 10%. (Round your answer to the nearest whole dollar.)
The present value of the lottery winnings is approximately $214,531,251.
To calculate the present value of the lottery winnings, we need to discount the future cash flows (annual payments of $30,000,000) at the given interest rate of 10% using the appropriate factor from Table 6-5. the factor for 20 years at a 10% interest rate is 8.367. Multiplying this factor by the annual payment of $30,000,000 gives us $251,010,000. therefore, the present value of the lottery winnings is $251,010,000. Rounded to the nearest whole dollar, the present value is approximately $214,531,251.
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QUESTION 1 The Purchasing Department often wasted time going back to company's managers who gave them order forms which could not be used for some reason or another. So they recorded the problems over
The Purchasing Department can take several actions to address the issues and streamline the ordering process.
They can implement a standardized order form template that includes all the necessary fields and prompts managers to provide complete information. This can help reduce the instances of missing information on the order forms. The department can establish clear communication channels with managers to ensure accurate order quantities. They can set up a system where managers can easily communicate their requirements and any changes in quantities, minimizing errors in the ordering process. To address the issue of items being out of stock, the Purchasing Department can work closely with the inventory management team to improve stock monitoring and replenishment processes. They can implement a real-time inventory tracking system to have better visibility of stock levels and ensure timely restocking to meet demand.
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1. Put yourself in the position of the vice-president of Genexis and structure the debate
on how to approach the primary issue he is facing, namely, how they are going to get
cooperation from all the supply chain participants.
As the vice-president of Genexis, the primary issue of getting cooperation from all the supply chain participants can be approached in the following manner.
First, it is important to identify the critical issues that need to be addressed by considering the perspectives of all the stakeholders in the supply chain. Second, we need to recognize that achieving cooperation from all supply chain participants will require a joint effort. As such, we need to establish a cooperative platform that involves all participants in decision-making processes, with each party contributing its perspective and expertise. This can be done by establishing communication channels such as a web-based platform or mobile applications that can facilitate the sharing of information and collaboration among stakeholders. Third, it is essential to ensure that all participants benefit from the initiative. As such, we need to establish a benefit-sharing mechanism that rewards all participants for their contribution to the process. For example, we can develop a performance-based system that incentivizes all parties to achieve the desired goals. Fourth, we need to ensure that the initiative is supported by adequate resources and capabilities. This will require identifying the necessary resources and capabilities required to support the initiative and mobilizing them through partnerships, collaborations, or acquisitions. Finally, we need to establish metrics to measure the success of the initiative by tracking performance indicators such as cycle time, inventory levels, and service levels. These steps can help us approach the primary issue of getting cooperation from all supply chain participants. The success of this initiative will be based on the cooperation and participation of all stakeholders and requires a sustained effort over time to achieve a positive outcome.
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Corporate Citizenship Help Print Save Decisions Below are six CSRC initiatives that can be used to develop a "social responsibility strategy" for your company. The drop- down selection boxes below offer several optional actions. However, which (if any) of the six initiatives to pursue and how much to spend is entirely voluntary. There is no pressure to spend anything on these initiatives the company can perform success-fully without undertaking any social responsibility initiatives. In Year 5, prior company While practicing good corporate citizenship is often considered "the right thing to do", one reason to operate in a socially responsible manner is to enhance the company's image. Aggressive and astute pursuit of a social responsibility strategy over 5 years can increase the company's Image Rating by 15 to 20 points. management spent no money on any of the six optional social responsibility initiatives. The Help button at the top-right offers further information and guidance regarding the six CSRC initiatives. CSRC INITIATIVES donations to charities and charitable Charitable Contributions or [0.0% of operating profit Treated on the Income Statement as "Other Expenses" (reduces pre-tax income). "Green" Initiatives to Promote Environmental Sustainability Yes ✓ Involves use of environmentally friendly components, recycled materials, and green shipping. Increases production cost of AC Cameras by $2.00 and UAV Drones by $5.00 per unit, shipping costs of AC Cameras by $1.00 and UAV Drones by $2,50 per unit, and annual administrative costs by $300k. Renewable Energy Program $ 500 Involves ongoing expenditures to incorpoprate renewable energy resources at the Taiwan assembly facilities. These expenditures are treated as capital investment and depreciated at 5% per year. Cafeteria and On-Site Child Care Facilities for Plant Employees Yes Involves one-time capital investment of $3.0 million and increased administrative costs of $500k annually. Results in one-time productivity increases of 100 units/year for camera PATS and 50 units/year for drone PATS. Improved Working Conditions Additional Safety Equipment and Improved Lighting / Ventilation Yes Involves one-time capital investment of $2.5 million and increased administrative costs of $600k annually. Results in one-time productivity increases of 100 units/year for camera PATS and 50 units/year for drone PATS. Institution of a Supplier Code of Conduct and Compliance Monitoring of Suppliers Yes Involves a dedicated effort to promote fair employment practices and safe working conditions at supplier factories (regarding excessive work hours, substandard wages, underage labor, exposure to toxic materials, and unsafe work practices). Entails added annual administrative costs of $500k. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND CITIZENSHIP
Corporate citizenship is the company’s responsibility towards society and the environment. It is often considered “the right thing to do” and is used to enhance the company’s image.
One of the reasons to operate in a socially responsible manner is to increase the company’s image rating. Aggressive and astute pursuit of a social responsibility strategy can increase the company’s image rating by 15 to 20 points. There are six CSRC initiatives that can be used to develop a social responsibility strategy for a company. These are: Charitable Contributions or Donations to Charities Green Initiatives to Promote Environmental Sustainability Renewable Energy Program Cafeteria and On-Site Child Care Facilities for Plant Employees Improved Working Conditions - Additional Safety Equipment and Improved Lighting / Ventilation Institution of a Supplier Code of Conduct and Compliance Monitoring of Supplier sIt is not mandatory to spend any money on these initiatives, and it is entirely voluntary. In the prior year, the management spent no money on any of these six optional social responsibility initiatives. Therefore, it is the company's decision to decide which initiatives to pursue and how much to spend.
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Imagine a global banking crisis in which the capitalist economy based on money, interest, and credit has collapsed. How long do you think it would take for a market to develop like the one in the highlands of Guatemala, shown in the chapter opening photograph? Which goods do you think would have exchange value in your culture, and what would you do to get those goods in fair trade?
Predicting the timeline for the development of a market similar to the one in the highlands of Guatemala, in the scenario of a global banking crisis and collapse of the capitalist economy, is highly speculative and dependent on numerous factors.
The establishment of such a market would likely take a considerable amount of time and would be influenced by various social, economic, and political dynamics.
In terms of goods that might have exchange value in such a scenario, it would depend on the specific circumstances and resources available in the culture. However, certain essential goods and services are likely to retain exchange value in most cultures, including food, water, shelter, basic medical supplies, and essential skills such as farming, construction, and healthcare.
To engage in fair trade and obtain goods in such a scenario, individuals and communities could adopt various approaches:
Localized production and barter: Communities could focus on producing goods and services locally, utilizing available resources and skills. Barter systems could be established, enabling the exchange of goods and services without the need for traditional currency.
Cooperative and community-based initiatives: Collaborative efforts and community organizations could be formed to facilitate fair trade. These initiatives could prioritize equitable distribution, fair pricing, and sustainable practices.
Resource sharing and mutual aid: Communities could come together to share resources, knowledge, and expertise. Mutual aid networks could be established to support one another in meeting basic needs and exchanging essential goods and services.
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Select an appropriate vendor evaluation tool suitable for identifying vendors for the procurement plan in the case study. The tool you select should employ appropriate selection criteria and be capable of producing a summary evaluation score. c. Assess the vendor evaluation tool produced for its effectiveness in satisfying the project requirements and providing maximum value to the buyer in the case study.
A comprehensive Request for Proposal (RFP) process is suitable.
What vendor evaluation tool is suitable for selecting vendors based on project requirements and providing an evaluation score?A comprehensive Request for Proposal (RFP) process is an effective vendor evaluation tool in the given case study. The RFP process involves defining project requirements and desired vendor qualifications, and then issuing a formal request to potential vendors. Vendors are evaluated based on predetermined selection criteria, such as relevant experience, cost, quality, and capacity to meet project deadlines.
By utilizing an RFP process, the buyer can objectively compare vendor proposals and score them based on their alignment with project requirements. This approach ensures a systematic evaluation and allows the buyer to select the vendor that provides the maximum value for the project.
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Assignment 3: What is Success?
After listening to the lecture and reading the book, what did you learn new about the word success? How does that change your view of what a successful person is? Lastly, what does success means to you? (300 words or less).
Assignment 4: What is Money?
After listening to the lecture and reading the book, what did you learn new about the concept of Money? How does that change your view of what a money is? Lastly, what does money means to you? (300 words or less).
Assignment 3: What is Success? The term "success" has been used to define numerous things throughout history, from achieving objectives to winning over others. However, success is not something that can be measured or quantified. Success, on the other hand, is frequently associated with wealth, popularity, and status.
Success is not something that can be determined solely by an individual's achievements. Success is a subjective word that varies from person to person. Success is a state of mind, and people's goals and ideas of achievement vary from one person to the next. Success may be monetary success, personal happiness, good relationships, emotional and mental stability, or a combination of all these things. Success is about setting goals and achieving them. Success is also about taking risks and seizing opportunities when they arise. Success isn't simply a matter of money or recognition; it's about personal satisfaction and happiness. Everyone has a unique idea of what success means to them, and it can be influenced by a variety of factors. Assignment 4: What is Money? Money is a tool that we use to purchase goods and services. It is a medium of exchange, a store of value, and a unit of account. Money has been used throughout history to facilitate trade and commerce. Money has evolved over time, and today, it is a digital currency that is stored in banks or electronic wallets. In the book and lecture, we learned that money is a social construct, and its value is based on the trust that people have in it.The concept of money has evolved over time, from bartering to metal coins to paper money to digital currency. The concept of money has changed our view of the world and how we interact with it. Money is a tool that we use to get the things we need or want. It can be a source of power, status, and influence. But it can also be a source of stress, anxiety, and conflict. Money means different things to different people. Some people see money as a means to an end, while others see it as an end in itself.Money means security and comfort to me. It is a tool that I use to pay my bills and take care of my family. Money is also a source of stress and anxiety, as I worry about making enough to meet my needs. But ultimately, money is just a tool, and it is up to me to use it wisely and responsibly.
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An economy with 10 items will have 45 relative prices in a
barter economy but only 10 prices in a money economy. This
illustrates which function of money?
a.
Store of value
b.
Medium of exch
The given scenario illustrates the medium of exchange function of money.
In a barter economy, where goods are exchanged directly without the use of money, the number of relative prices depends on the number of items in the economy. With 10 items, there would be a total of 45 relative prices since each item needs to be valued in terms of every other item. For example, if there are items A, B, C, D, and so on, the number of relative prices would be (10 x 9) / 2 = 45.
On the other hand, in a money economy, money serves as a medium of exchange. Rather than directly exchanging goods, individuals use money as an intermediary to facilitate transactions. This significantly reduces the number of prices required since goods are valued in terms of money rather than each other. In this case, with 10 items, there would be only 10 prices as individuals can value each item in terms of the monetary unit.
Therefore, the scenario highlights the efficiency and convenience provided by money as a medium of exchange in reducing the number of required prices in an economy.
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Answer F for thumbs up Total Variable Fixed Sales price $20/unit Direct materials used $95,850 Direct labor $95,000 Manufacturing overhead $133,600 $13,900 $119,700 Selling and administrative expense
Calculation of total cost:Direct material used: $95,850Direct labor: $95,000Manufacturing overheads: $133,600Selling and administrative expense: $13,900 + $119,700= $133,600 + $133,600= $267,200.Total cost = Direct material used + Direct labor + Manufacturing overheads + Selling and administrative expense= $95,850 + $95,000 + $133,600 + $267,200= $591,650
In the given question, the total variable, fixed sales price, direct materials used, direct labor, manufacturing overhead, and selling and administrative expenses are given. The first step to calculate the total cost is to find out the sum of all these expenses. This sum will provide us with the total cost of the product. Therefore, the calculation of the total cost is given below:Direct material used: $95,850Direct labor: $95,000Manufacturing overheads: $133,600Selling and administrative expense: $13,900 + $119,700= $133,600 + $133,600= $267,200.Total cost = Direct material used + Direct labor + Manufacturing overheads + Selling and administrative expense= $95,850 + $95,000 + $133,600 + $267,200= $591,650.To find the profit of the company, we have to subtract the total cost of the product from the selling price. The selling price is given in the question as $20 per unit. Therefore, the profit calculation is given below:Profit = Selling price - Total cost= $20 - $591,650= -$591,630Since the result of the profit calculation is negative, it means that the company is not making any profit, instead it is bearing a loss of $591,630. This information can be used by the company to make important business decisions and improve its profitability.
In conclusion, the total cost of the product is calculated by adding up the direct material used, direct labor, manufacturing overhead, and selling and administrative expense. The calculation of the total cost is $591,650. The profit calculation is done by subtracting the total cost from the selling price, which is $20 per unit. The result of the profit calculation is negative, which means that the company is bearing a loss of $591,630.
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the friendly sausage factory (fsf) can produce hot dogs at a rate of 5,000 per day. fsf supplies hot dogs to local restaurants
The production capacity of FSF is quite impressive, being able to produce 5,000 hot dogs per day. FSF seems to be a reliable and efficient supplier for local restaurants in need of hot dogs.
This production rate allows them to supply local restaurants with a consistent and steady stream of hot dogs. However, it is important to note that this rate may fluctuate based on factors such as demand, supply chain disruptions, or unforeseen circumstances. It is essential for FSF to monitor these factors to ensure that they can meet their obligations to their customers. Overall, FSF seems to be a reliable and efficient supplier for local restaurants in need of hot dogs.
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Technical analysis assumes that: O a. none of the options O b. all of the options O c. All financial information, including all traders' hopes and fears, are reflected in the price. O d. It provides t
The correct answer is c. All financial information, including all traders' hopes and fears, are reflected in the price.
Technical analysis is based on the belief that all relevant information about a financial instrument, such as a stock or a currency, is already reflected in its price. This assumption implies that the market is efficient and that past price movements can provide insights into future price movements. Technical analysts use various tools and techniques, such as chart patterns, indicators, and trends, to analyze historical price data and make predictions about future price movements. They believe that by studying price patterns and trends, they can identify buying and selling opportunities and make informed trading decisions. Therefore, option c is the correct choice.
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Remaining Time: 1 hour, 53 minutes, 59 seconds. Question Completion Status: QUESTION 12 The following is the actual sales for Manama Company for a particular good: t Sales 1 16 2 17 3 27 4 27 5 34 The
Given the actual sales data for Manama Company for a particular good, we can analyze the sales trend and identify any patterns or insights.
Based on the provided sales data, we can observe that the sales for the particular good increased over the five periods. The sales figures are as follows: 16, 17, 27, 27, and 34.
Analyzing the data, we can see that there is a general upward trend in sales over time. The sales initially start at 16 and gradually increase, with some fluctuations. The sales figures of 27 in periods 3 and 4 indicate a consistent level of sales, and the highest sales figure of 34 is observed in the fifth period.
By analyzing the sales trend, Manama Company can gain insights into the demand for the particular good and make informed business decisions. They can use this information to identify the factors contributing to the sales growth, allocate resources effectively, and plan for future sales projections.
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