The use of problem-solving information in managerial accounting is essential in decision-making and problem-solving. However, it is not used when making strategic decisions like adding or dropping a division. option (C) is the correct option.
When it comes to managerial accounting, problem-solving information is used in many ways.
The data collected and analyzed in managerial accounting assists management in decision-making and problem-solving.However, a decision to add or drop a division would not use problem-solving information. This is because adding or removing divisions involves strategic planning, which is done through methods such as SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis, etc.
Although the managers may use accounting data to decide which segment to eliminate or which one to expand, it is not a problem-solving situation but a strategic one.Moreover, the process of adding or dropping a division involves a long-term strategy, which requires the consideration of different factors like future sales, market trends, and competitors. Therefore, the decision to add or drop a division is a strategic decision and not a problem-solving situation.
Hence, option (C) is the correct option.
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Describe the terms fair market value and fair value. Describe
their differences and provide real world examples of each.
Fair market value refers to the price that an asset would fetch in an open and competitive market. Fair value is the estimated price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability. The main difference between fair market value and fair value is the context in which they are used. Fair market value is based on an open and competitive market, while fair value is based on estimated future cash flows.
Fair market value and fair value are both important concepts in finance. While they share some similarities, they have different meanings and applications. Below is a description of each term and its differences, along with real-world examples of each.
What is Fair Market Value?
Fair market value refers to the price that an asset would fetch in an open and competitive market. It is determined by the forces of supply and demand. Fair market value takes into account the price at which similar goods are sold and the condition of the asset. Fair market value can be used to determine the value of assets for tax purposes, accounting, and financial reporting.
Real-world example: If you were to sell a used car, the fair market value would be the price that the car could fetch in the market given its make, model, year, mileage, and condition.
What is Fair Value?
Fair value is the estimated price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. It is determined by considering the present value of future cash flows and a risk premium. Fair value is used to estimate the value of complex assets and liabilities, such as financial instruments and derivatives.
Real-world example: If a company has invested in stocks or bonds, the fair value of the investment would be the market price of those securities at the measurement date.
Differences:
The main difference between fair market value and fair value is the context in which they are used. Fair market value is based on an open and competitive market, while fair value is based on estimated future cash flows. Fair market value is commonly used for tangible assets, while fair value is commonly used for complex financial instruments.
Another difference is the purpose for which each is used. Fair market value is used for tax purposes, accounting, and financial reporting. Fair value is used for valuation, financial reporting, and risk management.
In conclusion, while fair market value and fair value have some similarities, they have different meanings and applications. Understanding these concepts is important for making sound financial decisions and complying with accounting and tax regulations.
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The budget that is prepared at the beginning of the period, is used as a planning tool and is not adjusted to the level of current sales achieved, is known as: Maxple choice Master or static budget hi
The budget that is prepared at the beginning of the period, is used as a planning tool and is not adjusted to the level of current sales achieved is known as a static budget.
A static budget is a financial plan that remains unchanged throughout the budget period, regardless of the actual sales or activity levels achieved. It is typically created at the start of the period and is based on a predetermined level of sales, production, or other relevant factors. The static budget serves as a benchmark or target against which actual performance can be measured.
The purpose of a static budget is primarily to provide a framework for planning and resource allocation. It allows businesses to estimate and allocate resources based on projected sales or activity levels. However, it does not take into account any fluctuations or variations that may occur during the budget period.
While a static budget can be a useful tool for initial planning and setting targets, it may not reflect the reality of actual sales or performance. If the actual sales achieved differ significantly from the levels projected in the static budget, the budget may become less relevant for evaluating performance and making informed decisions.
To address this limitation, some businesses also use flexible budgets that adjust based on the level of actual sales or activity achieved. Flexible budgets provide a more accurate reflection of performance by allowing for adjustments and variance analysis based on the actual results.
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A student loan totals $30,000 at graduation. The interest rate is 6%, and there will be 60 payments beginning 1 month after graduation. What is the monthly payment? What is owed after the first 2 years of payments?
The monthly payment for a $30,000 student loan with a 6% interest rate and 60 payments is approximately $579.74.
After the first 2 years of payments, which is equivalent to 24 monthly payments, it is necessary to calculate the remaining balance on the loan. The loan repayment process follows an amortization schedule, where each payment consists of both principal and interest portions. With each payment, a portion goes towards reducing the principal amount owed, while another portion covers the interest charges.
By referring to an amortization schedule or using a loan repayment calculator, it can be determined that after making 24 monthly payments of approximately $579.74 each, the remaining balance on the loan would be approximately $25,156.36. This means that after the initial 2-year period, the borrower would still owe around $25,156.36 on their student loan.
It's important to note that the remaining balance will continue to decrease with each subsequent payment. As more payments are made, a larger portion of each payment goes towards reducing the principal, resulting in a faster decrease in the outstanding balance. Over time, with consistent and timely payments, the borrower will be able to gradually pay off the loan and eventually become debt-free.
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It is common for a gap analysis to be conducted when an organization is implementing a risk management program. Organizations use gap analysis to compare Select one: O a. The organization's existing risk management framework and processes against a recognized risk management standard O b. The total cost of the current risk management program with the estimated cost of the enterprise risk management program O c. Risks currently considered by the risk management program with a lengthy lists of risks that could be considered Od. The education and experience of the risk management staff with the skills needed to implement an enterprise risk management program
A gap analysis is commonly conducted when an organization is implementing a risk management program. It is used to compare the organization's existing risk management framework and processes against a recognized risk management standard.
Gap analysis is a valuable tool used to assess the current state of an organization's risk management practices and identify any gaps or discrepancies compared to established standards.
By comparing the organization's existing risk management framework and processes to a recognized risk management standard, such as ISO 31000 or COSO ERM, the analysis highlights areas where the organization may fall short or deviate from best practices.
This helps the organization identify areas for improvement and develop an action plan to bridge the gaps, ensuring that its risk management program aligns with industry standards and best practices.
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1. Outline the five (5) stages of the systems development life cycle (in order), with a brief explanation and analysis of what each stage involves.
2. Outline and describe what the main processes involved within the General Ledger (GL) and financial reporting cycles. In your answer outline and contrast some of the activities within each process and who normally conducts those processes.
The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a structured approach used to develop and implement information systems. It consists of five stages that follow a logical sequence. Here are the five stages of the SDLC, along with a brief explanation of each stage:
Requirements Gathering:
This stage involves gathering and analyzing the requirements and objectives of the system from various stakeholders, including end-users, management, and IT personnel.
The goal is to identify the needs, functions, and features that the system should have to meet the desired outcomes.
Techniques used in this stage include interviews, surveys, observations, and workshops to capture the requirements accurately.
System Analysis:
In this stage, the gathered requirements are analyzed in detail to understand the existing business processes, workflows, and information flows.
The analyst identifies any gaps or inefficiencies in the current system and proposes improvements or new system functionalities to address them.
Analysis techniques such as data modeling, process modeling, and feasibility studies are used to define system requirements and develop a conceptual design.
System Design:
The system design stage focuses on transforming the requirements and analysis into a detailed design that defines the system's architecture, components, and interfaces.
It involves creating system specifications, data models, user interface designs, and technical infrastructure plans.
Design considerations include scalability, security, performance, usability, and integration with existing systems.
System Development:
This stage involves the actual development of the system based on the design specifications.
Programmers or developers write code, configure software components, integrate third-party systems, and conduct testing to ensure that the system functions as intended.
The development process may follow different methodologies, such as waterfall, agile, or iterative, depending on the project requirements and organization's preferences.
System Implementation and Maintenance:
The final stage involves deploying the developed system into the operational environment and making it available to users.
Implementation activities include user training, data conversion, system installation, and change management to ensure a smooth transition from the old system to the new one.
After implementation, ongoing system maintenance and support activities are performed to address any issues, enhance system functionality, and adapt to changing business needs.
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Which of the following is a major disadvantage associated with the skimming pricing strategy?
a. It is not effective for higher-end goods.
b. It is not effective in recovering the high research and development costs.
c. It attracts competition as potential competitors enter into the market observing the high financial returns obtained by innovative firms.
d. It leads to fulfillment problems if the demand for the product outstrips the firm's production capacity.
It attracts competition as potential competitors enter into the market observing the high financial returns obtained by innovative firms. Option c is correct answer.
The major disadvantage associated with the skimming pricing strategy is that it attracts competition. When a firm adopts a skimming pricing strategy, it sets a high initial price for its product, targeting early adopters and capturing maximum profit from the market. However, this high profitability and success can attract potential competitors who observe the financial returns obtained by innovative firms using skimming pricing. These competitors may see the opportunity for similar financial gains and enter the market, leading to increased competition.
As more competitors enter the market, the overall competition intensifies, which can erode the firm's market share and profitability over time. This increased competition often results in price reductions and reduced profit margins, as competitors try to capture their share of the market. Therefore, while skimming pricing may initially provide high financial returns, it can ultimately lead to increased competition and decreased profitability as more competitors enter the market.
The other options listed, such as not being effective for higher-end goods, not effectively recovering high research and development costs, and fulfillment problems due to high demand, are not major disadvantages typically associated with the skimming pricing strategy.
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Consider the following dialogue between Tim and Brian, economics students taking a course on Money, Banking, Financial Markets and Institutions. TIM: Hi Brian. The professor mentioned that in addition to money people also hold bonds and some other asset, which I forget. Can you please remind me, which one is that? BRIAN: That's right, Tim, the professor told us that in addition to money and bonds, people also hold such financial assets as credit cards TIM: Also, I cannot see the difference between money and bonds. Could you explain it to me? stocks BRIAN: Unlike money, bonds represent tokens jewelry TIM: But why is money considered a financial asset? real estate BRIAN: Money is clearly an asset because by definition, it is TIM: Are there any other financial assets? BRIAN: Yes. Let's try to identify them together: Check all that apply. Checking accounts Savings accounts Credit cards Cars
Money is usually safer than stocks, but it usually returns less. Rather than valuing cash will devalue with expansion.
1. Introduce money and financial assets :Paolo : That's right, Kenji. The professor told us that people also hold bonds, debentures, mutual funds, and bank deposits in addition to money.
Paolo : Unlike money, stocks represent a company's stock and can be traded for profit or held for dividends and price appreciation to gain financial gain. Money is usually safer than stocks, but it usually returns less. Rather than valuing cash will devalue with expansion.
Paolo : Money is unquestionably an asset because it is a liquid asset that derives its value from ownership rights or contractual rights.
Paolo :- Yes.
How about we attempt to distinguish them together:
Check all that apply Savings account
Checking account
Both savings accounts and checking accounts are regarded as assets. The majority of bank investments are liquid and claim ownership.
2. An overview of the financial market.Caroline : The equity market and the stock market are the same thing. due to the fact that both are traded on stock exchanges. Stock exchanges are used to trade a company's shares. Stock trade is where values and subordinates are purchased and sol.
Caroline : The financial market basically brings stock units, bonds, and other securities together.
Caroline : It is accurate to state that new stock is sold on the primary market when companies and other organizations issue it. The secondary market is the market where bonds and stocks are resold.
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If there is a poor fit between its resources and the external
environment, then the firm will not enjoy superior performance.
True OR False
True. A poor fit between a firm's resources and the external environment can significantly impact its performance.
The external environment consists of various factors such as market conditions, customer preferences, technological advancements, competitive landscape, and regulatory environment. A firm's resources, including its financial, human, and physical assets, as well as its intangible capabilities, such as its knowledge, skills, and organizational culture, shape its ability to effectively respond and adapt to these external factors.
A poor fit between the firm's resources and the external environment can lead to several challenges. The firm may struggle to meet customer needs and expectations, face increased competition, encounter difficulties in adopting new technologies or adapting to market changes, and experience inefficiencies in its operations.
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Which of the following is not an internal factor affecting pricing A. Marketing objectives B. Competition OC. Marketing mix strategy O D. Costs
Pricing strategy is influenced by a number of internal and external variables, including marketing objectives, competition, marketing mix strategy, and costs. The correct options are A, B, C and D.
The following is not an internal factor affecting pricing is marketing objectives.
Internal factors affecting pricing: An organization's internal variables that affect pricing decisions are referred to as internal factors. These factors include the company's objectives, marketing mix strategy, costs, and organization structure, among other things.
Marketing objectives:The marketing objective is the company's marketing plan's overall aim. The marketing objective might be to increase sales, improve customer satisfaction, or increase market share.
Competition: One of the critical components of pricing strategy is competition. When determining pricing, businesses must consider both direct and indirect competition
Marketing mix strategy: Marketing mix strategies, also known as the four Ps (product, price, place, and promotion), are the set of tactics that a company employs to meet its marketing objectives.
Costs: Another significant factor in pricing is cost. In deciding pricing strategies, costs are the foundation for the pricing decision.
The correct options are A, B, C and D.
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The cost of obtaining a college degree has increased significantly in recent years. So, too, has the value of obtaining a college degree. The average lifetime difference in earnings between a high school graduate and college graduate (Bachelor’s degree) is around:
a. $75,000
b. $250,00
c. $800,00
d. $1 million
The average lifetime difference in earnings between a high school graduate and college graduate (Bachelor’s degree) is around $1 million.
The average lifetime difference in earnings between a high school graduate and a college graduate (Bachelor's degree) is typically substantial. However, the specific amount can vary depending on various factors such as the field of study, career path, and individual circumstances.
Among the given options, the most accurate and reasonable estimate is:
d. $1 million
Research and studies have consistently shown that individuals with a college degree tend to earn significantly higher lifetime earnings compared to those with just a high school diploma. While the exact amount can vary, estimates often point to a difference of at least $1 million in lifetime earnings between these two educational levels.
It's important to note that this is an average estimate, and individual experiences may differ. Factors such as career choices, geographic location, and economic conditions can influence the actual difference in earnings.
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Jasmine Group (JSG) Ltd has not paid any dividends previously and expects to pay its first semi-annual dividend of $0.5 per share in one year’s time. JSG expects the earnings per share to grow at 10% per year compounded annually for two years from today before reverting to a growth rate of 6% per year compounded annually forever. JSG maintains a constant payout ratio. The shareholders of JSG require a return of 12.23% per year compounded monthly. What is the fair value of JSG's share price? Any intermediate steps should be rounded to 4 or more decimal places. Provide your FINAL answer to the nearest dollar and exclude the dollar sign ($). For example, $10,784.6518 should be input as 10785.
The fair value of jsg's share price is approximately $7. to calculate the fair value of jsg's share price, we need to determine the present value of the expected dividends.
step 1: calculate the present value of the dividends during the high growth period (two years):
pv(dividends) = d1 / (1 + r) + d2 / (1 + r)²
pv(dividends) = $0.5 / (1 + 0.1223/2) + $0.5 * (1 + 0.1) / (1 + 0.1223/2)²
step 2: calculate the present value of the dividends in perpetuity (using the gordon growth model):
pv(dividends perpetuity) = d3 / (r - g)
pv(dividends perpetuity) = $0.5 * (1 + 0.06) / (0.1223/12 - 0.06)
step 3: calculate the fair value of the share price:
fair value = pv(dividends) + pv(dividends perpetuity)
performing the calculations:
pv(dividends) = $0.5 / (1 + 0.1223/2) + $0.5 * (1 + 0.1) / (1 + 0.1223/2)² ≈ $0.8739
pv(dividends perpetuity) = $0.5 * (1 + 0.06) / (0.1223/12 - 0.06) ≈ $7.1144
fair value = pv(dividends) + pv(dividends perpetuity) ≈ $0.8739 + $7.1144 ≈ $7.9883 9883, which can be rounded to $8.
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The marketing director of Chris Doane Automotive company has been trying to determine a budget schedule for its TV and radio advertising campaigns. Each TV ad costs $5,000 and each radio ad costs $2,000. Moreover, each TV ad is viewed by approximately 300,000 people, whereas a radio advertisement reaches about 150,000 audience exposures. The director sets the following goals in order of importance (ranked from most important to least important): 1. The total advertising budget of $120,000 should not be exceeded. 2. There should be at least 10 TV ads and at least 20 radio ads. 3. The total number of people to view or hear the advertisements should be at least 9 million. a. Formulate the director's goal programming problem that could be used to find out how many of each type of ad to place. b. Solve the problem using QM for Windows software. Identify the best solution and the total number of audience exposure for both TV and radio ads. Have all the goals been achieved? Which priorities have been satisfied or dissatisfied? Are there any underachieved or overachieved goals? If so, explain via using "Summary" output table.
a. The director's goal programming problem can be formulated as follows:
Let X1 represent the number of TV ads to be placed.
Let X2 represent the number of radio ads to be placed.
Objective Function:
Minimize Z = 0
Subject to:
Cost Constraint: 5000X1 + 2000X2 ≤ 120000
Minimum TV Ads Constraint: X1 ≥ 10
Minimum Radio Ads Constraint: X2 ≥ 20
Audience Exposure Constraint: 300000X1 + 150000X2 ≥ 9000000
b. To solve the problem using QM for Windows software, specific numerical values for the constraints and objectives need to be entered. Without the specific values, it is not possible to provide the exact solution or analyze the results.
Once the problem is solved, the software will provide the optimal solution, which will specify the number of TV and radio ads to be placed. The summary output table will show whether all the goals have been achieved, and which priorities have been satisfied or dissatisfied. It will also indicate if any goals have been underachieved or overachieved, providing information on how well the objectives have been met.
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2. A firm established a reserve fund to accumulate the sum of Php 600,000 at the end of 10 years. It was to make 10 uniform end-of-year deposits, the first deposit to be made at the end of year 1. The interest rate of the fund was 5%. However, owing to temporary financial difficulties, the firm failed to make the 5th and 6th deposits. If the four remaining deposits were uniform, hat was the amount of the deposit?
The amount of the uniform deposit that the firm needs to make for the remaining four years is Php 67,228.84. The firm needs to make uniform deposits of Php 67,228.84 for the remaining four years to accumulate a total of Php 600,000 at the end of the 10-year period.
To determine the amount of the deposit, we can use the concept of the future value of an annuity. The problem states that the firm needs to accumulate Php 600,000 at the end of 10 years through 10 uniform end-of-year deposits. However, due to financial difficulties, the firm missed the 5th and 6th deposits. So, there are four remaining deposits.
First, we calculate the future value of the missed deposits from year 5 to year 6. Since the interest rate is 5%, we can use the future value of a single sum formula: FV = PV(1 + i)^n. Here, PV is the present value (missed deposits), i is the interest rate, and n is the number of years. The future value of the missed deposits is Php 16,273.50.
Next, we calculate the future value of the remaining four deposits. We subtract the future value of the missed deposits from the desired total of Php 600,000. The remaining deposits need to accumulate to Php 600,000 - Php 16,273.50 = Php 583,726.50.
To find the uniform deposit amount, we can use the formula for the future value of an annuity: FV = P[((1 + i)^n - 1) / i]. Rearranging the formula to solve for P (uniform deposit amount), we can substitute the values into the formula to find that P is approximately Php 67,228.84.
Therefore, the firm needs to make uniform deposits of Php 67,228.84 for the remaining four years to accumulate a total of Php 600,000 at the end of the 10-year period.
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What is National Debt? How large is the United States Debt? What can you compare the size of it to as a comparison of magnitude? How high would the debt stack if it were represented with $1 bills? What if it were represented with the largest denomination in circulation today? How much area would the debt cover if it were represented with a single layer of $1 bills? Could you carpet the United States with its own debt? How much would the debt weigh if it were represented with $1 bills? What if it were represented with quarters? Use an example from above to show a comparison SIZE of the national debt: Put your answers into perspective by comparing the answer to some common object. For example, you might consider the distance to the moon or the weight of the Titanic.
The national debt is the sum of all the outstanding public debt owed by a country to its creditors both foreign and domestic. The national debt is used to finance the government's operations, such as the military, infrastructure, and social programs. It is the amount of money that a country owes as a result of borrowing, and it can be in the form of government bonds, bills, and notes.
How large is the United States Debt?As of October 2021, the United States' national debt is over $28 trillion, according to the US Treasury's website. It continues to rise as the government spends more than it generates in revenue.
What can you compare the size of it to as a comparison of magnitude?To put this number in perspective, $28 trillion is a number so large that it's difficult to comprehend. You can compare the size of the US national debt to other large numbers. For example, the distance from the Earth to the moon is about 238,855 miles. The $28 trillion national debt would cover the distance from Earth to the moon over 118 times if stacked with $1 bills.
How high would the debt stack if it were represented with $1 bills?If the US national debt were represented with $1 bills, it would stack up to 2,006,129 miles, which is enough to circle the Earth 80.6 times. It's worth noting that this figure is as of October 2021 and that the national debt continues to rise.
What if it were represented with the largest denomination in circulation today?The highest denomination in circulation today is the $100 bill. If the US national debt were represented with $100 bills, it would stack up to 200,613 miles, which is enough to circle the Earth eight times.
How much area would the debt cover if it were represented with a single layer of $1 bills?If the US national debt were represented with a single layer of $1 bills, it would cover an area of 1.2 billion square feet, which is about 43 square miles. This figure was calculated using the dimensions of a $1 bill.
Could you carpet the United States with its own debt?The US national debt is so large that it cannot be carpeted throughout the country. As of October 2021, the US national debt is over $28 trillion.
How much would the debt weigh if it were represented with $1 bills?If the US national debt were represented with $1 bills, it would weigh 28 trillion pounds, which is over 13 million tons.
What if it were represented with quarters?If the US national debt were represented with quarters, it would weigh 1.76 trillion pounds, which is over 800 million tons.
Use an example from above to show a comparison SIZE of the national debt: Put your answers into perspective by comparing the answer to some common object. For example, you might consider the distance to the moon or the weight of the Titanic.
If the US national debt were represented with $1 bills, it would stack up to 2,006,129 miles, which is enough to circle the Earth 80.6 times.
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LIBOR rigging has been reported in the press. Please read the following Wall Street articles on LIBOR rigging along with your own investigation. Then write a report including the responses to the questions: (1) What happened in the LIBOR? (2) What were reported as a motivation of LIBOR rigging? (3) Anyone or institutions penalized for the rigging? (4) What would be the fate of LIBOR? The write-up homework will be within 2 pages maximum
The LIBOR scandal involved the manipulation of the benchmark interest rate, leading to penalties for institutions involved. LIBOR is being phased out, with alternative reference rates being adopted.
The LIBOR scandal revolved around the manipulation of the LIBOR, a key interest rate that influences trillions of dollars in financial contracts worldwide. It emerged that certain banks had been submitting false rate information to manipulate LIBOR, either to profit from their trading positions or to conceal their financial difficulties during the global financial crisis of 2007-2008. This manipulation distorted the true market conditions and undermined the integrity of the rate-setting process.
As a result of the investigations and legal proceedings, multiple individuals and financial institutions faced penalties. For example, Barclays was the first major bank to be fined for its involvement in LIBOR rigging, paying significant fines in 2012. Other notable institutions, including UBS, Royal Bank of Scotland, and Deutsche Bank, also faced penalties from regulators in various jurisdictions.
The fate of LIBOR has been determined following the scandal. Recognizing the need for reform and increased transparency, global regulators have been working on transitioning away from LIBOR. The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK, which oversees LIBOR, announced that it will no longer compel banks to submit LIBOR rates after 2021.
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What is that creates the perception of injustice and exclusion
regardless of what they do or/and say?
The perception of injustice and exclusion can be created by various factors including social, political, economic, and historical factors. This perception can arise despite what people do or say.
The perception of injustice and exclusion may emerge when people or groups of people feel that they are being treated unfairly, discriminated against, or not being given equal opportunities. In some cases, this perception may stem from historical events or systemic issues, such as institutionalized racism or gender inequality, which continue to affect individuals or groups today. This perception can also result from negative stereotypes or biases against a particular group or individual, which may lead to discriminatory behavior or exclusion from certain opportunities or spaces.
Additionally, a lack of representation or access to power can contribute to the perception of injustice and exclusion, as marginalized groups may feel that their voices are not being heard or that they are not being adequately represented in decision-making processes.
In conclusion, it is important to acknowledge and address the root causes of the perception of injustice and exclusion in order to promote equality and fairness for all individuals and groups.
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On November 1, Year 7, Chris Tucker Company adopted a stock-option plan that granted options to key executives to purchase 30,000 shares of the company’s $10 par value common stock. The options were granted on January 2, Year 8, and were exercisable two years after the date of grant if the grantee was still an employee of the company. The options expired six years from date of grant. The exercise price was set at $40, and the fair value option-pricing model determines the total compensation expense to be $450,000.
All the options were exercised during Year 10: 20,000 on January 3 when the market price was $67, and 10,000 on May 1 when the market price was $77 a share.
Instructions:
Prepare journal entries relating to the stock option plan for Years 8, 9, and 10. Assume that the employees perform services equally in Years 8 and 9.
Journal entries relating to the stock option plan for Years 8, 9, and 10 are as follows:Year 8 (January 2)No entry required.Year 9No entry required. Year 10 (January 3)Cash (20,000 x $40) = $800,000Common stock (20,000 x $10) = $200,000
Additional paid-in capital—stock options = ($450,000 ÷ 3 years) x 2 years = $300,000Stock options ($40 exercise price) = $500,000 [$40 exercise price + ($67 − $40 market price) x 20,000 shares]Stock options expense = $150,000 [$450,000 ÷ 3 years]Stock options payable = $150,000 ($500,000 − $350,000)May 1Cash (10,000 x $40) = $400,000Common stock (10,000 x $10) = $100,000Additional paid-in capital—stock options = $100,000 [$77 market price − $40 exercise price) x 10,000 shares]Stock options payable = $150,000Stock options expense = $50,000 ($150,000 − $100,000)Explanation:In year 8, no entry was recorded as the options were granted on January 2, Year 8, and were exercisable two years after the date of grant if the grantee was still an employee of the company. The options expired six years from date of grant.
In year 9, no entry was recorded as the options were exercisable after two years of grant if the grantee was still an employee of the company.In year 10 (January 3), 20,000 shares were issued to the employees for cash at an exercise price of $40. The total cash received is 20,000 x $40 = $800,000. The common stock is issued at a par value of $10 per share, which is $200,000 (20,000 x $10).The fair value option-pricing model determines the total compensation expense to be $450,000. The employees provide services equally in Years 8 and 9. So, stock options expense for Year 10 = ($450,000 ÷ 3 years) x 2 years = $300,000.The stock options ($40 exercise price) is $500,000 ([$40 exercise price + ($67 − $40 market price) x 20,000 shares]). The difference between the stock options expense and the stock options ($500,000 − $350,000) is recorded as stock options payable on January 3, Year 10.On May 1, Year 10, the market price of the stock was $77. Therefore, the stock options expense is $50,000 ([$77 market price − $40 exercise price) x 10,000 shares]). The difference between the stock options expense and the stock options payable is recorded as stock options expense on May 1, Year 10.
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Question 1 < > 3 pts 1 Deta Decentralization has the following disadvantages: O Decreased goal alignment, slower decision-making, increased costs. O Decreased ability to keep goals aligned, economies
Decentralization has the following disadvantages: decreased goal alignment, slower decision-making, and increased costs.
Decentralization refers to the distribution of decision-making authority and power to lower levels of an organization or within a system. While decentralization offers several benefits, such as increased employee empowerment and local responsiveness, it also has its drawbacks.
One disadvantage of decentralization is decreased goal alignment. When decision-making authority is dispersed among various units or individuals, it becomes more challenging to ensure that all actions and decisions align with the overall goals and objectives of the organization. Without proper coordination and communication, different units may pursue conflicting goals, leading to inefficiencies and suboptimal outcomes.
Another disadvantage is slower decision-making. In a decentralized structure, decisions are made at lower levels of the organization, which can result in a more time-consuming process. The need to gather information, consult multiple stakeholders, and obtain approvals from different levels can slow down the decision-making process, potentially hindering the organization's ability to respond quickly to changes in the external environment.
Furthermore, decentralization can lead to increased costs. Each decentralized unit may require its own resources, such as personnel, technology, and infrastructure. This duplication of resources can result in higher overall costs for the organization compared to a centralized structure where resources are consolidated and shared.
In summary, the disadvantages of decentralization include decreased goal alignment, slower decision-making, and increased costs. These factors should be carefully considered when deciding on the appropriate level of centralization or decentralization within an organization or system.
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Use the Dixit and Stiglitz model to find and compare the Optimum Product Variety (OPV) of a society where consumers do not value differentiated products, with the OPV of another society where differentiation is highly valued. What does this comparison tell us about whether product differentiation is welfare enhancing for society? Use relevant diagram(s) to illustrate your answer. please use keyboard writing and diagram with clear hand writing.
The Optimum Product Variety (OPV) in a society is a complex question that depends on several factors, including the consumer preferences for variety, production costs, and the allocation of resources to meet demand.
The Dixit and Stiglitz model is an economic model that tries to capture these complex relationships and provides a framework to analyze the OPV in different societies.
When consumers do not value differentiated products, it means that they are indifferent to the variety of goods available in the market, and their demand is solely based on the price. This situation is referred to as the zero-differentiation case, where the consumers are willing to pay a premium only for the cheapest product. In this case, the OPV is determined by the intersection of the marginal cost and the marginal utility of consumption.
On the other hand, when differentiation is highly valued by consumers, it means that they are willing to pay a premium for a variety of goods. In this case, the OPV is determined by the intersection of the marginal cost and the marginal willingness to pay.
In conclusion, the Dixit and Stiglitz model provides a useful framework to analyze the OPV in different societies, and the comparison of the OPV in the zero-differentiation case and the high differentiation case suggests that product differentiation can be welfare-enhancing for society, but there are also potential costs to consider.
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Complete the accounting cycle using the adjusted trial balance below. JM PHOTOCOPYING CENTER Adjusted Trial Balance December 31, 2019 Account Title Debit Credit Cash P 16.500.00 Accounts Receivable 7.
The accounting cycle is a systematic process of identifying, analyzing, recording, summarizing, and reporting business transactions.
The main objective of the accounting cycle is to ensure that all financial transactions are accurately and properly recorded. The accounting cycle includes ten steps, which are as follows: Identifying and Analyzing Transactions Recording Transactions in the Journal Posting Transactions to the Ledger Preparing an Unadjusted Trial Balance Adjusting Entries Preparing an Adjusted Trial Balance Preparing Financial Statements Closing Entries Preparing a Post-Closing Trial Balance Reversing Entries JM PHOTOCOPYING CENTER. Adjusted Trial Balance December 31, 2019Account TitleDebitCreditCashP16,500.00Accounts Receivable7,200.00Prepaid Rent1,200.00Office Equipment22,000.00Accumulated Depreciation-Office EquipmentP4,500.00Accounts Payable2,600.00Salaries Payable1,500.00Unearned Rent1,000.00Common Stock20,000.00Retained Earnings 2,400.00Dividends2,000.00Service Revenue30,500.00Salaries Expense17,000.00Rent Expense3,000.00Depreciation Expense4,500.00Interest Expense100.00TotalP61,800.00P61,800.00.
Based on the adjusted trial balance given, the accounting cycle steps can be completed as follows: Step 1: Identifying and Analyzing Transactions: There are no transactions to identify and analyze. Step 2: Recording Transactions in the Journal: There are no transactions to record in the journal. Step 3: Posting Transactions to the Ledger: The transactions have already been posted to the ledger. Step 4: Preparing an Unadjusted Trial Balance: The unadjusted trial balance is not given. Step 5: Adjusting Entries: Based on the adjusted trial balance, the following adjusting entries are required: Unearned RentP1,000.00Rent RevenueP1,000.00(To record the revenue earned for the unearned rent)Interest ReceivableP100.00Interest RevenueP100.00(To record the interest earned on the accounts receivable)Depreciation ExpenseP4,500.00Accumulated Depreciation-Office EquipmentP4,500.00(To record the depreciation for the office equipment)Salaries ExpenseP1,500.00 Salaries PayableP1,500.00(To record the salaries earned but not yet paid)Step 6: Preparing an Adjusted Trial Balance:
The adjusted trial balance is given. Step 7: Preparing Financial Statements: The financial statements can be prepared based on the adjusted trial balance. Step 8: Closing Entries: The closing entries are as follows: Service RevenueP30,500.00Income SummaryP30,500.00(To close the service revenue)Income SummaryP24,700.00Salaries ExpenseP17,000.00Rent ExpenseP3,000.00Depreciation ExpenseP4,500.00Interest ExpenseP100.00(To close the expenses)Income SummaryP5,800.00Retained EarningsP5,800.00(To close the income summary)DividendsP2,000.00Retained Earnings P2,000.00(To close the dividends)Step 9: Preparing a Post-Closing Trial Balance: Based on the closing entries, the post-closing trial balance is as follows: JM PHOTOCOPYING CENTER Post-Closing Trial Balance December 31, 2019Account TitleDebitCreditCashP16,500.00Accounts Receivable7,200.00Prepaid Rent1,200.00Office Equipment22,000.00Accumulated Depreciation-Office Equipment4,500.00Accounts Payable2,600.00Salaries Payable0.00Unearned Rent0.00Common Stock20,000.00Retained Earnings6,200.00Service Revenue0.00Salaries Expense0.00Rent Expense0.00Depreciation Expense0.00Interest Expense0.00Dividends0.00TotalP61,800.00P61,800.00Step 10: Reversing Entries: There are no reversing entries required.
Based on the adjusted trial balance given, the accounting cycle can be completed by following the steps mentioned above. The company's financial statements can be prepared, and the closing entries can be recorded to close the temporary accounts. Finally, the post-closing trial balance can be prepared to ensure that the debits and credits are equal and that all temporary accounts are closed.
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The accompanying figure shows Isabella's daily production possibilities curve for dresses and skirts. W x Dresses Per Day N ليا > 1 5 Relative to point X, at point Y T 10 Skirts Per Day N 15 V 20 о O more dresses and more skirts are produced. more skirts and fewer dresses are produced. more dresses and fewer skirts are produced. fewer skirts and fewer dresses are produced.
(Option C) More dresses and fewer skirts are produced relative to point X at point Y. The figure illustrates the production possibilities curve for dresses and skirts in Isabella's daily production.
The figure represents Isabella's daily production possibilities curve for dresses and skirts. Point X is the reference point, and point Y is another point on the curve.
The curve is concave, indicating the presence of increasing opportunity costs. As Isabella moves from point X to point Y along the curve, she faces a trade-off between producing dresses and producing skirts.
Comparing point Y to point X, we observe that Isabella is producing more dresses and fewer skirts. This means that she is allocating resources and effort toward increasing dress production at the expense of reducing skirt production. As a result, there is a shift in the production mix, resulting in more dresses and fewer skirts being produced at point Y compared to point X.
The movement along the curve signifies the trade-offs and choices made by Isabella in her production process, reflecting the concept of opportunity cost as she reallocates resources between dresses and skirts.
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Please answer all of the following
A. Record the transactions listed above in journal entry form (except for the 12/31 transaction)
B.Prepare a statement of retained earnings for PC Corporation.
C. Prepare the stockholders equity section of PC Corporations balance sheet.
A. Journal Entries:
Issued 10,000 shares of common stock for $50,000 cash:
Cash 50,000
Common Stock 10,000
Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par – Common Stock 40,000
Purchased land for $80,000 cash:
Land 80,000
Cash 80,000
Borrowed $20,000 from the bank by signing a note payable:
Cash 20,000
Notes Payable 20,000
Bought office equipment for $25,000 cash:
Office Equipment 25,000
Cash 25,000
Revenues earned for the year totaled $120,000, of which $60,000 was collected in cash and $60,000 is still owed to PC Corporation:
Accounts Receivable 60,000
Service Revenue 120,000
Cash 60,000
Recognized expenses incurred during the year totaling $70,000, of which $40,000 has been paid in cash and $30,000 is still owed:
Accounts Payable 30,000
Salaries and Wages Expense 40,000
Cash 40,000
B. Statement of Retained Earnings:
Beginning Retained Earnings: $0
Add: Net Income (Revenues - Expenses)
= $120,000 - $70,000
= $50,000
Less: Dividends Declared
= $0
Ending Retained Earnings: $50,000
C. Stockholders' Equity Section of Balance Sheet:
Common Stock $10,000
Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par – Common Stock $40,000
Retained Earnings $50,000
Total Stockholders' Equity $100,000
Note: The balance sheet date is not given in the question. Therefore, the amounts shown on the balance sheet may differ depending on the date of the balance sheet.
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Determine the missing amount for each separate situation involving manufacturing cost flows. (2) 152,080 $ $ (3) 35,490 47,320 61,875 76,600 123,600 245,100 Direct materials used Direct labor used Factory overhead Total manufacturing costs Work in process inventory, beginning Total cost of work in process Work in process inventory, ending Cost of goods manufactured 34,440 240,300 58,620 9,845 292,525 24,146 12,850 267,020 cos
The given table gives information about the manufacturing cost flows. It includes direct materials used, direct labor used, factory overhead, total manufacturing costs, work in process inventory beginning and ending, cost of goods manufactured, etc.
The missing amounts need to be determined for each separate situation involving manufacturing cost flows.Solution:Calculation for missing amounts:In situation 2, the cost of goods manufactured is to be determined. It is given that:Work in process inventory, beginning = $34,440Direct materials used = $240,300Direct labor used = $58,620Factory overhead = $152,080Total manufacturing costs = Direct materials used + Direct labor used + Factory overhead= $240,300 + $58,620 + $152,080= $451,000Work in process inventory, ending = $9,845Therefore,Cost of goods manufactured = Work in process inventory, beginning + Total manufacturing costs - Work in process inventory, ending= $34,440 + $451,000 - $9,845= $475,595In situation 3, the total manufacturing costs are given as:Total manufacturing costs = Direct materials used + Direct labor used + Factory overheadTherefore, Direct materials used + Direct labor used = Total manufacturing costs - Factory overhead= $35,490 + $47,320 + $61,875 + $76,600 + $123,600 + $245,100 - $267,020= $263,965Therefore,Direct materials used + Direct labor used = $263,965Direct materials used = $240,300(From situation 2)Therefore,Direct labor used = $263,965 - $240,300= $23,665Hence, the missing amounts have been determined.
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17-
SELECT ONE
Which of the following is not a procedure normally performed while completing the audit of a public company? O a Obtain a lawyer's letter Ob Perform an overall review using analytical procedures Oc Ob
Conducting management inquiries using an accounting firm is not a procedure that is normally performed while completing the audit of a public company.
Analytical procedures are the assessment of financial information with the aim of forming a conclusion on the financial condition of an entity. In an audit of a public company, there are a lot of procedures that are performed to ensure that the financial statements present true and fair view, but one of the procedures is not normally performed in the audit process.Obtaining a lawyer's letter, performing an overall review using analytical procedures, inspecting documentation on fixed assets, and confirming the terms of debt agreements are among the procedures that are normally performed in an audit of a public company.However, conducting management inquiries using an accounting firm is not a procedure that is normally performed while completing the audit of a public company.
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REQUIRED:
1. Record the transactions in the GENERAL
JOURNAL
2. Post the accounting information from General Journal
to GENERAL LEDGER.
3. Prepare the UNADJUSTED TRIAL BALANCE.
On November 1, 2020, Aleli Gomuna purchased a pest control company from its previous owner. Aleli paid $220,000 from her personal checking account for assets consisting of pesticides supplies, $75,000
The debit side totals $515,000, which includes the cost of purchasing the pest control company and the cash payment made from the personal checking account. The credit side shows a balance of $75,000, representing the accounts payable for the purchase.
GENERAL JOURNAL
Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit
Nov 1, 2020 Pest Control Company $295,000
Nov 1, 2020 Cash (Personal Checking Account) $220,000
Nov 1, 2020 Accounts Payable $75,000
GENERAL LEDGER
Account: Pest Control Company
Date Description Debit Credit
Nov 1, 2020 Purchased Pest Control Company $295,000
Account: Cash
Date Description Debit Credit
Nov 1, 2020 Payment from Personal Checking Account $220,000
Account: Accounts Payable
Date Description Debit Credit
Nov 1, 2020 Purchase of Pest Control Company $75,000
UNADJUSTED TRIAL BALANCE. Account Title Debit Credit
Pest Control Company $295,000
Cash $220,000
Accounts Payable $75,000
Total Debit: $515,000
Total Credit: $75,000
The unadjusted trial balance shows the account balances before any adjustments or corrections are made. It provides a summary of all the accounts and their respective debit or credit balances. In this case, the debit side totals $515,000, which includes the cost of purchasing the pest control company and the cash payment made from the personal checking account. The credit side shows a balance of $75,000, representing the accounts payable for the purchase.
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Which of the following is a defining feature of a data map?
1.Involves a source and target terminological resource
2. Supports reuse of data from the terminological resource
3. Creates a relationship linking concepts in the source and target
4. all of the above
The defining feature of a data map is that it creates a relationship linking concepts in the source and target terminological resource. However, a comprehensive data map also involves a source and target terminological resource and supports reuse of data from the terminological resource.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is option 4, "all of the above." A data map is essentially a visual representation or a diagram that shows the relationships between data elements in different systems or applications. The data map helps organizations to manage data more effectively by identifying the relationships between data elements and ensuring that they are consistent across different systems. Additionally, a data map helps in the integration of different systems and provides a common language for data elements. Overall, a data map is an important tool for organizations to manage and integrate their data, and it is defined by its ability to link concepts in the source and target terminological resource, support data reuse, and involve both the source and target terminological resource.
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C.10. Assume that at age 25 you have decided to become a millionaire by age 65. You decide to in- vest regularly at the end of every year for 40 years into a fund earning 12 percent interest. The initial investment deposit at EOY 1 will be relatively small, but you expect to increase the amount of each subsequent deposit by 8 percent every year thereafter. (a) Find the amount of the initial investment (deposit at EOY 1). (b) Find the amount of the final investment (deposit at EOY 40).
We must anticipated the present value of the anticipated future stream of investments in order to determine the size of the initial investment (deposit at EOY 1).
The initial investment can be calculated using the present value formula:
PV equals FV / (1 + r)nWhere n is the number of periods, r is the interest rate, PV is the present value, and FV is the future value.
We can substitute these values into the calculation given that the future value is one million dollars, the interest rate is twelve percent (0.12), and there are forty periods:PV = 1,000,000 / (1 + 0.12)^40We can determine the quantity by calculating this expression.
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the requirement that losses should be accidental and unintentional in order to be insurable results in reduction of what type of hazards?
The requirement that losses should be accidental and unintentional in order to be insurable results in the reduction of pure risks.Insurable losses are losses that are accidental, unintentional, and measurable. They also must not be catastrophic or systemic, meaning they cannot impact entire systems or industries. Insurable risks include events like car accidents, house fires, and medical expenses.
The requirement that losses should be accidental and unintentional in order to be insurable results in the reduction of pure risks.Pure risks are situations that present only the possibility of loss, not gain. Pure risks can be insured and include situations like death, fire, or flood. The requirement that losses should be accidental and unintentional in order to be insurable results in the reduction of pure risks.Insurable losses are losses that are accidental, unintentional, and measurable. They also must not be catastrophic or systemic, meaning they cannot impact entire systems or industries. Insurable risks include events like car accidents, house fires, and medical expenses.
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At what level should master production scheduling take
place?
1. In a make-to-stock environment?
2. In a make-to-order environment?
3. In an assemble-to-order environment
Master Production Scheduling (MPS) is an important planning process used by many organizations to determine what and how much is required for production to satisfy customer demand. MPS aims to provide the right product, in the right quantity, at the right time to meet customer demand while minimizing inventory levels. Let's discuss each environment in detail:
1. Make-to-Stock Environment: MPS should be created at the final assembly level in a make-to-stock environment. In this environment, products are manufactured based on forecasts and sold from finished goods inventory. It means there is no need to schedule production orders because products are already available in inventory.
2. Make-to-Order Environment: MPS should be created at the component level in a make-to-order environment. In this environment, products are manufactured to meet specific customer orders. It means production must be scheduled based on customer orders received and a lead time to produce the product. MPS should provide the required quantities and due dates of each component required for each order.
3. Assemble-to-Order Environment: MPS should be created at the final assembly level in an assemble-to-order environment. In this environment, products are assembled from pre-configured subassemblies based on customer orders. It means that the production schedule is generated based on customer orders received and a lead time to assemble the product. MPS should provide the required quantities and due dates of each subassembly required for each order.
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When a merchant advertises their product the courts generally presume that: O
Merchants are held responsible for their product descriptions, and the statements they make about the product are deemed to be true in most cases.
When a merchant advertises their product the courts generally presume that the product description is an affirmation of fact.The presumption is that the statement made by the merchant, even though not literally true, constitutes an affirmation of fact. It is up to the merchant to disprove that the statement is misleading or false. The terms and warranties given by merchants or sellers are usually interpreted to be affirmations of fact.The merchant or seller is expected to present the product as it is. The courts assume that merchants have more experience and knowledge about the goods they are selling than the ordinary consumer does, and so the statements made by the merchant are viewed as more reliable.
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