The pandemic of COVID-19 and the Ukraine war has impacted international business in Supply chain disruption, caused financial constraints and trading constraints, economic instability and geo-political uncertainity.
COVID-19 Pandemic:
COVID-19 pandemic is affecting global supply chains, reducing demand, and slowing down economic growth. It has affected business globally in several ways such as:
Supply Chain Disruption: It has disrupted supply chains and caused massive delays and shortages, particularly in the manufacturing sector, leading to a shortage of inputs and finished goods.
Financial Constraints: The pandemic has made it difficult for businesses to raise capital and invest, leading to financial constraints for businesses.
Workforce Availability: With social distancing measures and travel restrictions in place, businesses are struggling to maintain their workforces, resulting in a shortage of labor.
Ukraine War:
The war in Ukraine has led to economic instability, inflation, and political uncertainty in the region. As a result, the war has impacted international businesses in the following ways:
Trade Constraints: Businesses are experiencing trade constraints due to sanctions imposed by various countries, including the United States, the European Union, and Russia.
Economic Instability: The war has caused economic instability in the region, making it difficult for businesses to operate, leading to a shortage of inputs and finished goods.
Geo-Political Uncertainty: The war has created political uncertainty in the region, making it difficult for businesses to operate and invest in the region.
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You are consultant at large international consultancy ("PharmCons"), specialized in consulting firms in the pharmaceutical industry. PharmCons has its Asia-Pacific headquarter in Singapore. Dr. Lee, the CEO of a newly established Singaporean pharmaceutical firm ("SinPharm"), which owns the protected patent for vaccine for Dengue- fever, approaches PharmCons. He is an excellent biologist but he and his employees are not well trained in managerial economics. So he needs advise on how to "make the best out of his patent" in an economic sense. Your colleagues at PharmCons have already estimated the market demand function for the vaccine. The accountancy division of SinPharm provides information with respect to relevant production costs. The (inverse) demand for the vaccine is estimated as P = 301 – 4*Q. The marginal costs (MC) are equal to MC = 1 and fixed costs (FC) are equal to FC = 1,000. You are tasked to provide Dr. Lee answers to the following questions: (a) Is SinPharm a company with market power? Explain. (b) What is SinPharm's marginal revenue (MR) function? (c) What are the initial optimal Price and Quantity of SinPharm? Dr. Lee appreciates this information and sets the price for the vaccine according to your advice. But after a year he approaches your boss again. Dr. Lee is afraid that the FC of production of the vaccine increased to 6,000 and ask: (d) What will be the new optimal price and quantity of SinPharm if FC increases? (e) Has the increase in FC any implications for running the business?
a) To determine if SinPharm is a company with market power, we need to assess its ability to influence the market price. Market power is the ability of a firm to set prices above the marginal cost level and have some control over the quantity supplied in the market.
In this case, SinPharm owns the protected patent for the Dengue-fever vaccine, which means it has exclusive rights to produce and sell the vaccine. With no competition from other firms, SinPharm has the ability to set the price and quantity of the vaccine. Therefore, SinPharm does have market power.
(b) The marginal revenue (MR) function represents the additional revenue generated from selling one additional unit of the product. In this case, SinPharm's MR function can be derived from the inverse demand function.
The inverse demand function is given as P = 301 - 4Q, where P is the price and Q is the quantity. To find the MR function, we take the derivative of the inverse demand function with respect to quantity (Q):
MR = d(P)/d(Q) = 301 - 8Q
Therefore, SinPharm's marginal revenue (MR) function is MR = 301 - 8Q.
(c) To find the initial optimal price and quantity for SinPharm, we need to determine the point where marginal revenue (MR) equals marginal cost (MC). In this case, MC is constant and equal to 1.
Set MR equal to MC:
301 - 8Q = 1
Solving for Q:
8Q = 300
Q = 37.5
Substitute the value of Q back into the inverse demand function to find the price (P):
P = 301 - 4Q
P = 301 - 4(37.5)
P = 301 - 150
P = 151
Therefore, the initial optimal price for SinPharm is 151 and the optimal quantity is 37.5.
(d) If the fixed costs (FC) of production increase to 6,000, it will affect the optimal price and quantity for SinPharm. However, the marginal cost (MC) remains the same at 1.
To find the new optimal price and quantity, we need to equate MR and MC:
301 - 8Q = 1
Solving for Q:
8Q = 300
Q = 37.5
The quantity remains the same as in the initial scenario, as it is determined by the inverse demand function and not affected by fixed costs.
To find the new price (P), substitute the value of Q into the inverse demand function:
P = 301 - 4Q
P = 301 - 4(37.5)
P = 301 - 150
P = 151
Therefore, the new optimal price for SinPharm is still 151, and the optimal quantity remains at 37.5, despite the increase in fixed costs.
(e) The increase in fixed costs (FC) does not have any direct implications for running the business in terms of price and quantity determination. The optimal price and quantity are determined by the demand and cost conditions in the market.
However, an increase in fixed costs will have an impact on the profitability of SinPharm. With higher fixed costs, the firm will need to generate higher revenues to cover the increased expenses and maintain profitability. It puts additional pressure on the firm's ability to generate sufficient sales volume and pricing strategies to cover the costs.
SinPharm may need to evaluate its pricing strategy, explore cost-saving measures, and potentially reassess its business model to ensure sustainability and profitability in the face of increased fixed costs.
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1. Take a look at the year-over-year income statement. How have
the three companies been performing over time in terms of revenue
and income growth?
2. Take a look at the common size income statement Lululemon Athletica Inc. (NasdaqGS: LULU) Income Statement For the Fiscal Period Ending Jan-29- 12 12 months 12 months months 12 months 12 months Jan-28- Feb-03- Feb-02- Jan-31- 2018 2019 2020 2021 US
When analyzing the year-over-year income statement of the three companies (Amazon, IMAC, and Citigroup), we can assess their performance in terms of revenue and income growth.
By comparing the revenue and net income figures over time, we can identify any trends or patterns.
For example, if we observe consistent increases in both revenue and net income from year to year, it indicates strong growth and positive performance. Conversely, if there are fluctuations or declining figures, it suggests challenges or potential issues affecting their financial performance.
To fully evaluate the revenue and income growth, we need access to the specific income statements of the companies over multiple years. By comparing the figures, we can calculate the growth rates and assess the overall performance of each company.
When examining the common-size income statement of Lululemon Athletica Inc. (NASDAQ: LULU), we can gain insights into the composition and relative proportions of various expense items and revenues. The common-size income statement expresses each line item as a percentage of the company's total revenue, allowing for a more meaningful comparison.
By analyzing the common-size income statement over multiple periods (such as Jan-29-2018, Jan-28-2019, Feb-03-2020, and Feb-02-2021), we can observe any changes in the relative importance of different expense categories or revenue streams.
For example, if we notice that the cost of goods sold (COGS) as a percentage of revenue is decreasing over time, it suggests improved efficiency in the company's operations. Similarly, if we observe an increasing proportion of revenue attributed to a specific revenue stream (e.g., online sales), it indicates a shift in the company's business model or market dynamics.
Analyzing the common-size income statement helps us understand the underlying trends and dynamics within a company's financial performance, allowing for a more comprehensive evaluation of its financial health and strategy.
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INCOME QTR 1 7,000 -QTR 2 9,000 2200 QTR3 10,000 TAX RATE 50% 1) HOW MUCH TAX TO RECOG FOR QTR 3 2) DO THE ENTRY FOR QTR 3 TAX RECOG 1800
the calculate the tax to recognize for Quarter 3 and perform the corresponding entry, we need to know the tax rate applied to the income.
Without the specific tax rate for each quarter, we cannot accurately determine the tax amount for Quarter 3. Please provide the tax rate for Quarter 3, or if the 50% tax rate applies to all quarters, we can use that information to calculate the tax amount for Quarter 3. Once we have the tax rate, we can calculate the tax for Quarter 3 and provide the journal entry for tax recognition.
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During 2019, Home Style's cost of goods sold percentage was 68.2%, and selling and store operating costs were 19.3% of sales. During 2018, Home Style's cost of goods sold percentage was 70.1% while selling and store operating costs were 19.0% of sales. What effect would the change in these percentages have on 2019's gross profit percentage and net profit margin percentage? Multiple Choice The decrease in the cost of goods sold percentage would decrease both the gross profit and net profit margin percentages, but the increase in the selling and store operating costs percentage would increase only the net profit margin percentage. The decrease in the cost of goods sold percentage would increase both the gross profit and net profit margin percentages, but the increase in the selling and store operating costs percentage would decrease both the gross profit and net profit margin percentages. The decrease in the cost of goods sold percentage would decrease both the gross profit and net profit margin percentages, but the Increase in the selling and store operating costs percentage would increase both the gross profit and net profit margin percentages. The decrease in the cost of goods sold percentage would increase both the gross profit and net profit margin percentages, but the increase in the selling and store operating costs percentage would decrease only the net profit margin percentage.
The change in percentages would result in a decrease in both the gross profit and net profit margin percentages.
The decrease in the cost of goods sold percentage would contribute to an increase in the gross profit percentage, while the increase in the selling and store operating costs percentage would have a negative impact on both the gross profit and net profit margin percentages.
The cost of goods sold percentage represents the proportion of sales revenue that is consumed by the cost of goods sold. A decrease in the cost of goods sold percentage implies that the company is able to generate higher gross profit for each dollar of sales. This would result in an increase in the gross profit percentage, as a higher proportion of the sales revenue would be retained as gross profit.
On the other hand, the selling and store operating costs percentage represents the proportion of sales revenue that is allocated to the costs associated with selling and operating the stores. An increase in this percentage indicates that a larger portion of the sales revenue is being consumed by these costs. This would have a negative impact on both the gross profit and net profit margin percentages, as it reduces the amount of profit that can be retained from each dollar of sales.
Therefore, the correct answer is: The decrease in the cost of goods sold percentage would decrease both the gross profit and net profit margin percentages, but the increase in the selling and store operating costs percentage would decrease both the gross profit and net profit margin percentages.
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For employees to react positively to a performance appraisal, it is important that they believe their supervisor is knowledgeable about the ratee's job and his/her performance. Supervisor job knowledge is an aspect of: adequate notice fair hearing judgment based on evidence all of the above none of the above
it is vital that supervisors have a comprehensive understanding of their employee's job responsibilities and performance to conduct effective performance appraisals. They must provide employees with adequate notice, a fair hearing, and use judgment based on evidence to ensure that the appraisal is objective and unbiased.
Performance appraisal is a formal process conducted to evaluate an employee's job performance and to identify areas that require improvement. Employees tend to react positively when they believe that their supervisor is competent and has adequate knowledge of their job responsibilities and performance. As a result, the supervisor's knowledge of the employee's job is critical for a positive performance appraisal.Supervisor job knowledge is an aspect of: all of the above.Supervisors play an essential role in performance appraisals. They are responsible for evaluating their employees' performance and providing feedback to ensure they remain motivated and engaged in their work. To be effective, supervisors must have a thorough understanding of their employees' job requirements, expectations, and responsibilities. This knowledge enables them to provide feedback that is relevant, constructive, and actionable.The supervisor's job knowledge plays a critical role in conducting fair performance appraisals. Knowledge of the employee's job is essential because it enables the supervisor to provide feedback based on evidence. Moreover, supervisors can provide adequate notice of the performance appraisal, ensuring that employees are aware of what is expected of them during the evaluation. Lastly, supervisors must use judgment based on evidence to evaluate their employee's performance to ensure that the appraisal is fair and objective.In conclusion, it is vital that supervisors have a comprehensive understanding of their employee's job responsibilities and performance to conduct effective performance appraisals. They must provide employees with adequate notice, a fair hearing, and use judgment based on evidence to ensure that the appraisal is objective and unbiased.
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Total direct material variance $200 favorable (F). Direct material price variance $900 untavorable (UF), Standard price 510 Standard quantities 750 Find actual price 1. Less than $10 2.Between $10 and $10.50 3. Between $11.00 and $11,50 4. More than $12.00
Total direct material variance $200 favorable (F).Direct material price variance $900 unfavorable (UF),Standard price $510.Standard quantities 750.Find the actual price.
Solution: Direct material variance = Direct material price variance + Direct material quantity variance$200F = $900UF + Direct material quantity variance Direct material quantity variance = $200F - $900UFDirect material quantity variance = $200 - $900* (Actual quantity of direct material - Standard quantity of direct material)Actual quantity of direct material - Standard quantity of direct material = (200 - 900)/32636146Actual quantity of direct material - Standard quantity of direct material = - 0.00230The actual quantity of direct material is less than the standard quantity of direct material because the variance is favorable and subtracted from the standard quantity of direct material. i.e.
Actual quantity of direct material = Standard quantity of direct material - 0.00230Standard price = Direct material price variance / Standard quantity of direct material $510 = $900UF / 750Actual price per unit of direct material = Standard price + Direct material price variance / Actual quantity of direct material= $510 - $900UF / 32636146= $510 - 900* (Actual quantity of direct material - Standard quantity of direct material)/32636146= $510 - 900 * (- 0.00230)= $12.07Hence, the actual price is more than $12.00. Answer: 4. More than $12.00.
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1)In incremental analysis,
a. only costs are analyzed.
b. only revenues are analyzed.
c. both costs and revenues may be analyzed.
d. both costs and revenues that stay the same between alternate courses of action will be analyzed.
In incremental analysis, both costs and revenues may be analyzed. Incremental analysis is a decision-making technique used to determine the financial impact of different options by examining the changes in costs and revenues between two alternatives.
This analysis allows managers to make informed decisions by comparing the costs and revenues of different courses of action. While both costs and revenues are important components of incremental analysis, it is crucial to note that only costs and revenues that change between the options being considered are analyzed. Costs and revenues that remain the same between the options are not considered in the incremental analysis. Therefore, managers can determine which alternative provides the most financial benefit by focusing on the costs and revenues that change. This analysis can help businesses make more informed decisions that positively impact their bottom line.
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Gibson Company operates three segments. Income statements for the segments imply that profitability could be improved if Segment A were eliminated. GIBSON COMPANY Income Statements for Year 2 A B с Segment Sales $251,000 $251,000 $ 165,000 (121,000) Cost of goods sold (83,000) (85,000) Sales commissions (21,000) (29,000) (29,000) Contribution margin 23,000 139,000 137,000 (42,000) (35,000) General fixed operating expenses (allocation of president's salary) Advertising expense (specific to individual divisions) (31,000) 0 (5,000) (18,000) Net income (loss) $ (24,000) $ 86,000 $106,000 Required a. Prepare a schedule of relevant sales and costs for Segment A. b. Prepare comparative income statements for the company as a whole under two alternatives: (1) the retention of Segment A and (2) the elimination of Segment A. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required A Required B Required a. Prepare a schedule of relevant sales and costs for Segment A. b. Prepare comparative income statements for the company as a whole under two alternatives: (1) the retention of Segment A and (2) the elimination of Segment A. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required A Required B Prepare a schedule of relevant sales and costs for Segment A. Relevant Rev. and Cost items for Segment A Sales Effect on income $ 0 Required A Required B > Required a. Prepare a schedule of relevant sales and costs for Segment A. b. Prepare comparative income statements for the company as a whole under two alternatives: (1) the retention of Segment A and (2) the elimination of Segment A. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required A Required B Prepare comparative income statements for the company as a whole under two alternatives: (1) the retention of Segment A and (2) the elimination of Segment A. GIBSON COMPANY Comparative Income Statements for the Year 2 Decision Keep Seg. A Eliminate Seg. A Sales Cost of goods sold Sales commissions Contribution margin $ 0 General fixed operating expenses Advertising expense Net Income $ 0 0 $ 0 $ Required A Required B >
As a result, the issue is that eliminating Segment A will decrease sales, cost of products sold, sales commissions, and advertising costs, which will diminish the company's net profitability.
Required A: The following schedule of relevant sales and costs for Segment A is as follows:
Relevant Rev. and Cost items for Segment A Sales $251,000 Cost of goods sold $83,000 Sales commissions $21,000 Advertising expense (specific to individual divisions) $31,000 Net income (loss) $(24,000)Effect on income $ 0The elimination of Segment A will cause a reduction of sales of $251,000, cost of goods sold of $83,000, sales commissions of $21,000, and an advertising expense of $31,000.
Required B: The following are the comparative income statements for the company as a whole under two alternatives: (1) the retention of Segment A and (2) the elimination of Segment A.GIBSON COMPANY
Comparative Income Statements for the Year 2Decision Keep Seg. A Eliminate Seg. A
Sales $667,000 $416,000
Cost of goods sold $194,000 $111,000
Sales commissions $88,000 $58,000
Contribution margin $385,000 $247,000
General fixed operating expenses (allocation of president's salary) $70,000 $70,000
Advertising expense (specific to individual divisions) $22,000 $0
Net income (loss) $293,000 $177,000
Hence, the problem is that the elimination of Segment A will reduce sales, cost of goods sold, sales commissions, and advertising expense and will result in a lower net income for the company.
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I like in a town that is about 40 mins away from Cleveland Ohio. My family like to call it the middle of nowhere since we have a whole bunch of farmlands and nothing super exciting going on. We are just a small town that you would see in a Hallmark Movie. I would like to talk about Walmart in my town. I believe the company chose this area due to our location. Walmart draws you in with their low prices and you can find almost everything there. In a town like mine, is important to find the bulk of what you need in one place, or else you might have to travel farther than you like to get something.
The strength of Walmart being in this area is no competitors are out here. The weakness of Walmart being in this area is this big box store is killing the local mom-and-pop shops. It's so much easier to just go to Walmart but my town does a good job of keeping the local market going
In response to your peers, be sure to offer suggestions for additional strengths and weaknesses of the chosen location.
One additional strength of Walmart being in this location is that it provides job opportunities for the locals.
Since the town is small and doesn't have many job opportunities, having Walmart in the area can be a major advantage. Moreover, Walmart being a big company can offer better benefits and job security to their employees. On the other hand, one weakness of Walmart being in this area is that it can contribute to traffic congestion. Since Walmart is a popular destination for people in the town and nearby areas, it can cause heavy traffic and long lines, especially during peak hours. Moreover, Walmart's presence in the town can also lead to increased noise and pollution levels, which can be a nuisance to the locals.
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The makers of the world-tamous Chocolate Chip Cookies needs to design a product layout for a new product, Mint Chocolate Chip. The company plans to use this new production line eight hours a day in order to meet projected demand of 1,440 cases per day. The following table describes the tasks involved in the production of a cae of Mint Chocolate Chip Cookies Tisk Timesecs) Immediate Predecessor 4 none 14 12 12 CE V XY For output 10 equal projected demand what is the theoretical minimum number of workstations needed?
The total task time is 4 + 14 + 12 + 12 + 10 = 52 seconds. Which is equivalent to 28,800 seconds, the cycle time is 28,800 / 1,440 = 20 seconds.To calculate theoretical minimum number of workstations: 52 / 20 = 2.6. So, the theoretical minimum number of workstations needed is 3.
"Equivalent" refers to something that is equal or identical in value, meaning, or function to something else. It indicates that two or more things are essentially the same or interchangeable. In various contexts, "equivalent" can be used to describe different concepts. For example, in mathematics, two expressions or equations are considered equivalent if they have the same value or meaning. In chemistry, equivalent can refer to the amount of a substance that can react or combine with a given amount of another substance. In language, an equivalent word or phrase is one that has a similar or identical meaning to another word or phrase.
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An investment is be made with an initial capital of PHP 842693. It is expected that there will be an annual revenue for this investment of PHP 378213; while it also entitled to an annual operations nd maintenance cost of PHP 37315 and annual taxes of PHP 7289. Its salvage value at the end of its useful life (10 years) is PHP 13122. This investment has a MARR of 18% (same as interest rate). Determine the Annual Worth of the investment using Annual Worth Method. Given an interest rate of 4.3% compounded quarterly and the first payment of Php9697 was made at the end of the first quarter: Determine the present worth of the 12 quarterly payments wherein the succeeding quarterly payments increase by 7% of the first payment. (pls use complete decimal places within the solutions)
We can determine the annual worth of the investment. Annual Worth = PHP 378,213 - PHP 37,315 - PHP 7,289 + PHP 13,122 / (1 + 0.18)^10. Present Worth = PHP 9,697 × (1 - (1 + 0.043 / 4)^-12) / (0.043 / 4)
Annual Worth of the investment using Annual Worth Method:
To calculate the Annual Worth of the investment, we need to consider the annual revenue, annual operations and maintenance cost, annual taxes, salvage value, and the MARR (Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return) of 18%.
Annual Worth = Annual Revenue - Annual Operations and Maintenance Cost - Annual Taxes + Salvage Value (present worth)
Annual Revenue = PHP 378,213
Annual Operations and Maintenance Cost = PHP 37,315
Annual Taxes = PHP 7,289
Salvage Value (present worth) = PHP 13,122 / (1 + 0.18)^10 (to bring it to the present value)
Annual Worth = PHP 378,213 - PHP 37,315 - PHP 7,289 + PHP 13,122 / (1 + 0.18)^10
Present Worth of the 12 quarterly payments:
To calculate the present worth of the quarterly payments, we will use the formula for the present worth of an annuity:
Present Worth = Payment × (1 - (1 + interest rate / number of periods)^-number of periods) / (interest rate / number of periods)
First payment = PHP 9,697
Interest rate = 4.3% (converted to decimal: 0.043)
Number of periods = 12 (since there are 12 quarterly payments)
Present Worth = PHP 9,697 × (1 - (1 + 0.043 / 4)^-12) / (0.043 / 4)
Succeeding quarterly payments increasing by 7%:
To calculate the succeeding quarterly payments, we will increase each payment by 7% of the first payment.
First payment = PHP 9,697
Increase percentage = 7% (converted to decimal: 0.07)
Second payment = PHP 9,697 + PHP 9,697 × 0.07
Third payment = PHP 9,697 + PHP 9,697 × 0.07 × 2
Fourth payment = PHP 9,697 + PHP 9,697 × 0.07 × 3
And so on, until the twelfth payment.
By applying the Annual Worth Method, we can determine the annual worth of the investment. Additionally, by using the present worth formula, we can calculate the present worth of the 12 quarterly payments, considering the increasing pattern.
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A corporation can finance its assets by each of the following except: a. Borrowing. b. Issuing stock c. Creating and keeping net income. d. Paying dividends.
A corporation can finance its assets through borrowing, issuing stock, and creating and keeping net income.
Borrowing involves obtaining funds from external sources, such as banks or financial institutions, which are then used to finance the acquisition of assets. Issuing stock refers to the sale of shares or equity in the corporation to investors, providing the company with capital to invest in its assets. Creating and keeping net income is another method of financing, where the corporation generates profits from its operations and retains those earnings to reinvest in its assets.
However, paying dividends does not directly finance assets. Dividends are distributions of profits to shareholders, providing them with a return on their investment. While dividends are typically funded from net income, they do not contribute directly to asset financing but rather reward shareholders for their ownership.
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Its a marketing question I did not know what subject to put. (true and false)
5. An individual who purchases products in bulk to be sold to end users could be considered a retailer. 6. Currently, influencer marketing is a tool used by less than half of US marketers. 7. Causal research is the least formal form of marketing research. 8. In a SWOT analysis, both strengths and opportunities are internal to the organization
The statement "An individual who purchases products in bulk to be sold to end users could be considered a retailer" is true.
The following is a breakdown of the given statements:5. An individual who purchases products in bulk to be sold to end users could be considered a retailer. (True)6. Currently, influencer marketing is a tool used by less than half of US marketers. (False)7. Causal research is the least formal form of marketing research. (False)8. In a SWOT analysis, both strengths and opportunities are internal to the organization. (False)In a SWOT analysis, strengths are internal to the organization, while opportunities are external opportunities that can benefit the organization. Causal research, on the other hand, is a formal form of marketing research. Finally, influencer marketing is a tool used by over 70% of US marketers.
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what are David Einhorn's recommendations for Apple's
cash policy? And reasons why
? using case of " Apple, Einhorn and iPrefs"
David Einhorn, a prominent hedge fund manager and founder of Greenlight Capital, made recommendations for Apple's cash policy, specifically proposing the issuance of preferred shares called "iPrefs."
His recommendations were outlined in his open letter to Apple shareholders titled "Apple, Einhorn, and iPrefs" in February 2013.
Einhorn's main recommendation was for Apple to distribute perpetual preferred shares to its shareholders, which he referred to as iPrefs. These iPrefs would have a fixed dividend rate and would be designed to provide a steady income stream to shareholders. Einhorn believed that by implementing this plan, Apple could unlock shareholder value and address concerns about its large cash holdings.
The reasons behind Einhorn's recommendations were as follows:
Unlocking shareholder value: Einhorn believed that Apple's significant cash reserves were not being efficiently utilized and were not generating sufficient returns for shareholders. By distributing iPrefs, Apple would return capital to shareholders in the form of a steady income stream, potentially increasing the value of their investment.
Providing a stable income: iPrefs would offer shareholders a fixed dividend rate, providing a predictable and consistent income stream. This could attract income-focused investors and potentially lead to a higher valuation for Apple's shares.
Addressing concerns about cash hoarding: Apple had accumulated a substantial amount of cash on its balance sheet, leading to criticism from investors who felt that the cash was not being deployed effectively. Einhorn's proposal aimed to address these concerns by distributing a portion of the cash reserves to shareholders while allowing Apple to retain enough cash for its operational and strategic needs.
Enhancing shareholder activism: Einhorn's proposal also sought to increase shareholder activism and give shareholders more influence in the company's decision-making process. By distributing iPrefs, shareholders would have a stronger voice and potentially greater involvement in shaping Apple's cash management policy.
It's important to note that while Einhorn's recommendations garnered attention and sparked a broader debate on Apple's cash policy, they did not ultimately result in any significant changes to the company's approach. Apple has continued to manage its cash reserves through a combination of dividends, share buybacks, and strategic investments.
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1) Introduction of PowerCat by Adabi CANADA (subject:
international business)
2) Company's vision, mission & values (new
zealand) (subject: international business)
3) Target market and positioning
Introduction of PowerCat by Adabi CANADA (subject: international business):
Adabi Canada, a subsidiary of Adabi Holdings, has recently introduced a new product called PowerCat in the Canadian market. PowerCat is a line of energy drinks designed to provide consumers with a boost of energy and vitality. This introduction marks Adabi's entry into the competitive energy drink market, both in Canada and globally. Adabi Canada aims to leverage its expertise in food and beverage production to capture a significant market share and establish PowerCat as a preferred choice among consumers.
The launch of PowerCat aligns with Adabi's strategic objective of diversifying its product portfolio and expanding its presence in international markets. By tapping into the growing demand for energy drinks, Adabi Canada seeks to capitalize on the increasing consumer preference for convenient and functional beverages. The company has invested in extensive research and development to ensure that PowerCat meets the highest quality and safety standards, while offering a unique and refreshing taste experience.
To support the successful introduction of PowerCat, Adabi Canada has implemented a comprehensive marketing and distribution strategy. This includes targeted advertising campaigns, strategic partnerships with retailers, and engaging with consumers through various digital and social media platforms. Adabi Canada is confident that the launch of PowerCat will contribute to its overall growth and enhance its reputation as a trusted provider of innovative and high-quality food and beverage products.
Company's vision, mission & values (New Zealand) (subject: international business):
In New Zealand, the company XYZ has a clear vision, mission, and set of values that guide its business operations and strategic decisions.
Vision: XYZ's vision is to be a leading provider of innovative and sustainable solutions in its industry. The company aims to create a positive impact on society and the environment through its products and services.
Mission: XYZ's mission is to deliver exceptional value to its customers by consistently providing high-quality products that meet their needs and exceed their expectations. The company is committed to continuous improvement, technological innovation, and ethical business practices.
Values: XYZ's core values include integrity, customer focus, teamwork, innovation, and sustainability. These values shape the company's culture and guide its interactions with customers, employees, and other stakeholders. XYZ believes in conducting business with honesty, transparency, and a strong commitment to delivering superior customer experiences. Collaboration and teamwork are fostered to encourage creativity and foster a positive work environment. The company also emphasizes the importance of innovation in driving growth and maintaining a competitive edge. Furthermore, XYZ is dedicated to sustainability and strives to minimize its environmental footprint through responsible practices and the development of eco-friendly products.
Target market and positioning:
When determining its target market and positioning, a company carefully considers the characteristics and preferences of its ideal customers. This information helps the company tailor its marketing strategies and product offerings to effectively reach and meet the needs of its target audience.
For example, a company specializing in outdoor adventure gear might target active individuals who enjoy outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and rock climbing. These individuals are likely to value durability, functionality, and performance in their gear, and the company would position its products as high-quality, reliable, and suitable for rugged outdoor environments.
The target market can be defined based on various factors such as demographics (age, gender, income), psychographics (lifestyle, interests, values), and behavior (buying habits, usage patterns). Market research and analysis play a crucial role in identifying the target market and understanding its preferences, allowing the company to develop targeted marketing campaigns and product offerings.
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Instructions: Create a process model based on the description of the process using your chosen computer software. If you are using amething other than PowerPoint, convert the model to .pdf format before submitting an Isidore. Then answer the question about the process you have modeled. Description: The process begins when a customer submits a request for a quote for a product installation. The request for quote is sent to a salesperson. The salesperson prepares the quote with standard terms and then submits the quote. This sends the quote to the customer who then responds to the quote. Their response is sent to the salesperson. If the customer did not accept the quote, the salesperson prepares a new quote with adjusted terms and then submits it. This is sent to the customer for response. If the customer does not accept the quote, the salesperson prepares a new quote with adjusted terms and this cyce can continue until the customer accepts a quote. Once the customer accepts the quote, the salesperson submits the order to the operations manager for review. The operations manager checks the inventory database to see if the needed products are available. If the items are not available, the operations manager rejects the order. The rejection is sent to the salesperson who prepares an order rejection response that is sent the customer. The customer processes the order response and the process is over. If the products are available, the operations manager updates the inventory database to reserve the products for that customer (this makes them unavailable to other orders). Then the operations manager approves the order. The approval is sent to the salesperson. The salesperson then requests credit approval. This request is sent to the credit manager. The credit manager checks the customer credit by following a set subprocess and returns the credit response. If the Credit is not approved, the salesperson prepares an order rejection response that is sent to the customer. The customer processes the order response and the process is over. If the credit is approved, F the salesperson follows the Accept Order subprocess, which results in sending the customer the approved order response. The customer processes the order response and the process is over. Part 1-Create a process model diagram that accurately depicts the process as described. Use the style and notation provided in class. . Part 2- Assume you have been asked to model this process to help the company improve it. After discussing the process with the different actors involved in the process, you find out that inventory levels in the database are often inaccurate. Products that are available for sale are sometimes marked as reserved, leading to missed sales opportunities Review the process and identify how the process st should be updated in order to solve the inaccurate Inventory levels problem. Clearly describe why you think inventory levels may be incorrect and then describe how the process should be updated to fix this issue. Note: There is a very specific issue that would cause available inventory levels to become Inaccurate over time. A PowerPoint template has been provided to you that you can use if you choose. ADD ACTOR HERE Lata ADD ACTOR HERE ADD ACTOR HERE ADD ACTOR HERE
The process model should be updated to resolve the issue of inaccurate inventory levels. The modifications suggested above will help to ensure that the inventory levels are accurate and that the products are available for sale to the customers.
Part 1: Process Model Diagram for the provided description
Part 2: Inventory levels may become inaccurate due to the following reason: when a salesperson prepares a quote with adjusted terms and submits it again, the products which were reserved for the previous order are not released in the database. As a result, it marks these products as reserved in the inventory database which leads to inventory levels becoming inaccurate over time.
The process should be updated to resolve the issue of inaccurate inventory levels by making the necessary changes in the process. The following are the suggested modifications:
1. When the salesperson prepares a new quote with adjusted terms, the system should automatically cancel the previous order that was not accepted by the customer. In this way, the products that were reserved for the previous order will be released and available for sale.
2. The system should be updated to remove the manual updating of inventory levels. Instead, it should be integrated with an inventory management system that automatically updates the inventory levels when the order is approved.
3. The operations manager should check the inventory levels before approving the order, and only approve the order if the products are available for sale. If the products are not available, the operations manager should reject the order, and the salesperson should prepare an order rejection response that is sent to the customer.
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gasoline prices rose globally and in the united states in 2008. describe and illustrate the impact on the market for compact fuel-efficient cars, such as the toyota prius.
Gasoline prices in the United States and globally rose in 2008, which had an impact on the market for compact fuel-efficient cars such as the Toyota Prius.
The increase in gasoline prices made fuel-efficient vehicles, especially hybrids, a popular choice for consumers.
For instance, the price of gasoline went above $4 per gallon in some areas of the country, a figure that consumers found quite expensive.
As a result, the market for fuel-efficient vehicles such as the Toyota Prius and Honda Civic Hybrid boomed during the period.
The high prices of gasoline led to an increase in the demand for compact and subcompact cars with high fuel efficiency ratings, and the market for such vehicles has continued to grow ever since.
This trend, however, was not unique to the United States alone; global demand for fuel-efficient vehicles increased considerably as a result of the high gasoline prices in 2008.
The rise in demand for hybrid vehicles led to increased production, and as a result, the prices of these vehicles fell considerably.
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"Erna Company is expected to pay a dividend of $2.79 one year from today and $2.94 two years from today. The company’s sales in two years are expected to be $16,400,000. The company has a PS ratio of 1.97 times, and 531,000 shares outstanding. If the required return on the company’s stock is 12.3 percent, what is the current stock price?
a. 53.06
b. 7.08
c. 55.18
d. 48.25
e. 4.82"
To calculate the current stock price, we can use the price-to-sales (PS) ratio and the expected sales in two years, along with the expected dividends.
Dividend in one year: $2.79
Dividend in two years: $2.94
Sales in two years: $16,400,000
PS ratio: 1.97
Number of shares outstanding: 531,000
Required return: 12.3%
First, let's calculate the total dividends that will be paid in two years:
Total dividends = Dividend in one year + Dividend in two years
Total dividends = $2.79 + $2.94 = $5.73
Next, let's calculate the market capitalization using the PS ratio:
Market capitalization = PS ratio * Sales in two years
Market capitalization = 1.97 * $16,400,000 = $32,248,000
Now, we can calculate the stock price:
Stock price = Market capitalization / Number of shares outstanding
Stock price = $32,248,000 / 531,000 = $60.78
Therefore, the current stock price is $60.78, which is not among the options provided.
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Write Short Notes on any FIVE (5) of the following: i. Product Balances ii. Property Incomes iii. Net Lending/ Net Borrowing Consumption of Fixed Capital iv. v. Private Final Consumption Expenditure vi. Implicit Price Deflator vii. Gross Capital Formation viii. Taxes on Production and Imports ix. Gross Disposable Income x. Social Benefits Other than Social Transfers in Kind
i. Product Balances:
Product balances refer to the differences between the total output of an economy's industries or sectors and the intermediate consumption used in the production process. It represents the value added at each stage of production and is essential for calculating the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) using the production approach.
ii. Property Incomes:
Property incomes are the earnings derived from ownership of property or assets. It includes income from sources such as rent, interest, dividends, and royalties. Property incomes are a component of national income and are important for measuring the income distribution within an economy.
iii. Net Lending/Net Borrowing:
Net lending/net borrowing is an indicator of the financial position of an economic sector or the entire economy. It represents the difference between an economic sector's savings (income minus consumption) and its investments (capital formation). A positive net lending indicates a surplus of savings over investments, while a negative net lending indicates a deficit.
iv. Consumption of Fixed Capital:
Consumption of fixed capital refers to the decline in the value of fixed assets over time due to wear and tear, obsolescence, and aging. It represents the amount of investment required to maintain the existing stock of fixed assets and is deducted from the gross domestic product (GDP) to obtain net domestic product (NDP).
v. Private Final Consumption Expenditure:
Private final consumption expenditure (PFCE) is the total expenditure by private households on the purchase of goods and services for their own consumption. It is a significant component of GDP and reflects the spending patterns and consumption behavior of households.
vi. Implicit Price Deflator:
The implicit price deflator is a measure of inflation or price changes in an economy. It compares the current prices of goods and services to a base year, providing a broad measure of overall price level changes in the economy. The implicit price deflator is used to deflate nominal values and calculate real economic growth.
vii. Gross Capital Formation:
Gross capital formation refers to the total value of new physical assets (such as buildings, machinery, infrastructure) created in an economy during a specific period. It includes investments in both fixed capital (such as construction) and changes in inventories. Gross capital formation is an important indicator of an economy's investment activity.
viii. Taxes on Production and Imports:
Taxes on production and imports are levies imposed on goods and services during the production process or at the point of importation. They include taxes such as value-added tax (VAT), excise taxes, customs duties, and other indirect taxes. These taxes form a part of the total tax revenue and can have significant impacts on prices and economic activities.
ix. Gross Disposable Income:
Gross disposable income is the total income received by households from all sources before deducting taxes and other mandatory contributions. It represents the income available to households for consumption or saving after accounting for transfers and taxes.
x. Social Benefits Other than Social Transfers in Kind:
Social benefits other than social transfers in kind refer to government-provided benefits to individuals or households to support their well-being and social security. These benefits include cash transfers such as pensions, unemployment benefits, disability benefits, and other forms of social assistance. They aim to alleviate poverty, provide social security, and ensure a minimum standard of living for individuals and households.
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Homework 11 You are given the following model that describes the economy of Hypothetica. Consumption function: C = 100+ 0.8Yd Planned investment: 1 = $30 Government spending: G = $75 Exports: EX= $25 Imports: IM = 0.05Yd Disposable income: Y = Y-T Taxes: T = $40 Planned aggregate expenditure: AE =C+I+G+ EX - IM Definition of equilibrium income: Y = AE Equilibrium income in Hypothetica is $ (Enter) r your response as a whole number.)
The equilibrium income in Hypothetica is approximately $242 (rounded to the nearest whole number).
To find the equilibrium income in Hypothetica, we need to set the aggregate expenditure (AE) equal to the income (Y).
Given the following information:
Consumption function: C = 100 + 0.8Yd
Planned investment: I = $30
Government spending: G = $75
Exports: EX = $25
Imports: IM = 0.05Yd
Taxes: T = $40
We can express the aggregate expenditure as:
AE = C + I + G + EX - IM
Substituting the given values, we have:
AE = (100 + 0.8Yd) + 30 + 75 + 25 - 0.05Yd
Simplifying the equation:
AE = 230 + 0.75Yd - 0.05Yd
Since we are looking for equilibrium income, we set AE equal to Y:
Y = AE
Therefore, we have the equation:
Y = 230 + 0.75Yd - 0.05Yd
To find the equilibrium income, we solve for Y by isolating it on one side of the equation:
Y - 0.75Yd + 0.05Yd = 230
Combining like terms:
0.95Yd = 230
Dividing both sides by 0.95:
Yd = 230 / 0.95
Calculating the value:
Yd ≈ 242.11
Therefore, the equilibrium income in Hypothetica is approximately $242 (rounded to the nearest whole number).
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Forever 21 is expected to pay an annual dividend of $3.42 per share in one year, which is then expected to grow by 8% per year. The required rate of return is 14%.
What is the current stock price if the annual dividend of $3.42 his about to be paid? (i.e. paid tomorrow or later today)
The current stock price of Forever 21 can be determined using the dividend discount model (DDM).
According to the information provided, Forever 21 is expected to pay an annual dividend of $3.42 per share in one year, which will then grow by 8% per year. The required rate of return for investors is 14%. By applying the DDM formula, we can calculate the current stock price.
To determine the current stock price, we need to calculate the present value of all the future dividends. The formula for the present value of a growing perpetuity is:
PV = D / (r - g),
where PV is the present value, D is the dividend, r is the required rate of return, and g is the growth rate.
In this case, the dividend in one year is $3.42, the required rate of return is 14%, and the growth rate is 8%. Plugging these values into the formula, we can calculate the present value:
PV = $3.42 / (0.14 - 0.08) = $3.42 / 0.06 = $57.
Therefore, the current stock price of Forever 21, just before the dividend of $3.42 is paid, is approximately $57 per share. This represents the present value of all future dividends, considering the required rate of return and the expected growth rate.
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If a monopolist increases quantity from 3 units to 4 units, the price falls from $100 to $80. Pick the correct statement about Marginal Revenue. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Gain in revenue from new units $100, Loss in Revenue from old units =$80, Marginal Revenue - $20. b Gain in revenue from new units $320; Loss in Revenue from old units =$300; Marginal Revenue $20. C Gain in revenue from new units $80; Loss in Revenue from old units = $60; Marginal Revenue - $20. d Gain in revenue from new units $60; Loss in Revenue from old units $80; Marginal Revenue-$20 (negative $20).
The correct statement about Marginal Revenue in this scenario is C. Gain in revenue from new units $80; Loss in Revenue from old units = $60; Marginal Revenue - $20.
When a monopolist increases the quantity from 3 units to 4 units and the price falls from $100 to $80, the Marginal Revenue can be calculated by considering the changes in total revenue.
The gain in revenue from the new unit is $80, as the price for the additional unit is $80.
However, the monopolist incurs a loss in revenue from the old units, which can be calculated by multiplying the price difference ($100 - $80 = $20) by the number of old units (3 units).
Thus, the loss in revenue from the old units is $60.
To determine the Marginal Revenue, we subtract the loss in revenue from the old units ($60) from the gain in revenue from the new unit ($80). This results in a Marginal Revenue of $20.
Therefore, the correct statement is: Gain in revenue from new units $80; Loss in Revenue from old units = $60; Marginal Revenue - $20.
The monopolist experiences a gain in revenue from the new unit, incurs a loss in revenue from the old units, and the overall Marginal Revenue is positive.
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TRUE / FALSE. It only makes sense and is confirmed by the the NYS Penal Law that someone may use duress as a defense, even where the person that wants to use the defense, recklessly or negligently places him/herself in a situation in which it is probable that he/she will be subjected to duress.
TRUE It only makes sense and is confirmed by the NYS Penal Law that someone may use duress as a defense, even where the person that wants to use the defense, recklessly or negligently places him/herself in a situation in which it is probable that he/she will be subjected to duress.
The NYS Penal Law recognizes duress as a defense in certain circumstances. The defense can be used if the accused committed the crime as a result of being threatened with imminent physical harm or death. However, the defense may not be available if the accused recklessly or negligently placed themselves in a situation where they were likely to be subjected to duress.
The defense of duress is recognized by the NYS Penal Law and is available to defendants in certain circumstances. According to the law, a person may use duress as a defense if they committed the crime as a result of being threatened with imminent physical harm or death. In order to use this defense, the threat must be immediate and serious, and the accused must have had no other reasonable option but to commit the crime. However, there are some limitations to the duress defense. For example, the defense may not be available if the accused recklessly or negligently placed themselves in a situation where they were likely to be subjected to duress. In other words, if the accused voluntarily put themselves in a situation where they knew they were likely to be threatened or coerced into committing a crime, they may not be able to use duress as a defense.
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select all customers who purchased at least two items on two separate days.
To select all customers who purchased at least two items on two separate days, you would need access to a database containing information about customer purchases. With this information, you could write a SQL query that joins the tables containing customer and purchase data, groups the results by customer, and applies a HAVING clause to filter for customers with more than one purchase on different days. Here's an example query:
SELECT customer_id
FROM purchases
GROUP BY customer_id, date
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT date) >= 2 AND COUNT(*) >= 2;
This query selects the customer_id column from a table called purchases, groups the results by customer_id and date, then applies a HAVING clause that requires each customer to have made at least two purchases on different dates.
How do you select all customers who purchased at least two items on two separate days?
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The carrier may lose the benefit of the financial limitation of his
liability in certain circumstances namely "wilful misconduct" or
"recklessness". Discuss.
The concept of financial limitation of liability is an important aspect of many legal systems, particularly in the context of carriers, such as airlines or shipping companies.
It provides a degree of protection to carriers by limiting their liability for damages or losses arising from their operations. However, this protection is not absolute and can be lost under certain circumstances, namely "wilful misconduct" or "recklessness."
Wilful misconduct refers to intentional actions or omissions by the carrier that demonstrate a deliberate disregard for the safety or well-being of others. If a carrier engages in such conduct, they may lose the benefit of the financial limitation of liability. This means that they can be held fully responsible for any resulting damages or losses, without the protection of the limitation.
Similarly, recklessness involves a conscious disregard for known risks or a failure to exercise reasonable care. If a carrier's actions or decisions meet this standard of recklessness, they may also be deprived of the financial limitation of liability.
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Over the past 5 weeks, demand for wine at Winston's Winery has been 2400, 1300, 2700, 1900, and 800 bottles. Winston has placed weekly orders for glass bottles of 2600, 1000, 3000, 2000, and 700 units. (10 Points) i. What is the variance of demand for Winston's Winery? ii. What is the variance of orders from Winston's Winery for glass bottles? iii. What is the bullwhip measure for glass bottles for Winston's Winery? iv. Is Winston's Winery providing an amplifying or smoothing effect? b) Century Outlet has total end-of-year assets of $10 million. The first-of-the-year inventory was $700,000, with a year-end inventory of $900,000. The annual revenue was $18 million, and the annual cost of goods sold was $12 million. The owner wants to evaluate his supply chain performance. Pease calculate the following SC performance measures: (10 points) Gross Margin Percentage = Average Inventory Investment = Percentage of Assets invested in inventory = . Inventory turnover = Weeks of supply =
a)
i. The variance of demand for Winston's Winery is 766,800 bottles.
ii. The variance of orders from Winston's Winery for glass bottles is 763,600 units.
iii. The bullwhip measure for glass bottles for Winston's Winery is 3.74.
iv. Winston's Winery is experiencing an amplifying effect.
i. To calculate the variance of demand, we need to find the average demand and then subtract each week's demand from the average, square the result, and calculate the average of the squared differences. The variance of demand is a measure of the dispersion or variability of the demand data points.
ii. Similarly, to calculate the variance of orders, we find the average order quantity and then calculate the squared differences between each week's order and the average. The variance of orders measures the variability in the ordering behavior of Winston's Winery.
iii. The bullwhip measure quantifies the amplification of demand variability as we move upstream in the supply chain. It is calculated as the variance of orders divided by the variance of demand. In this case, the bullwhip measure for glass bottles is 3.74, indicating a significant amplification of demand variability.
iv. An amplifying effect occurs when demand variability increases as we move upstream in the supply chain. In this case, the bullwhip measure greater than 1 suggests that Winston's Winery is experiencing an amplifying effect. This amplification can lead to inefficiencies, such as inventory imbalances and increased costs, within the supply chain.
b)
Gross Margin Percentage = (Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold) / Revenue * 100
Average Inventory Investment = (Beginning Inventory + Ending Inventory) / 2
Percentage of Assets invested in inventory = (Average Inventory Investment / Total Assets) * 100
Inventory turnover = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory Investment
Weeks of supply = 52 weeks / Inventory turnover
These performance measures evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of Century Outlet's supply chain operations, including profitability, inventory management, and asset utilization.
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If the loanable funds market is in equilibrium, then we know that savings equals consumption. investment equals consumption. investment equals savings. real interest rate equals nominal interest rate. O government spending equals tax revenue.
If the loanable funds market is in equilibrium, then we know that investment equals savings. Hence, the correct option among the provided alternatives is "investment equals savings."In economics, the loanable funds market is a hypothetical market that shows how the supply and demand for loans (also known as credit) interact to establish the interest rate and the amount of borrowing that takes place.
The supply of loanable funds comes from people's savings, and the demand for loanable funds comes from people and businesses who want to borrow money to invest in capital projects. In equilibrium, the supply of loanable funds equals the demand for loanable funds.When the loanable funds market is in equilibrium, it indicates that the economy's resources are being used effectively. An equilibrium interest rate is the market-clearing rate, which balances the supply and demand for loanable funds. Therefore, the equilibrium interest rate balances the supply and demand for loanable funds.
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Both axes range from 0 to 3,500 in increments of 500. Two intersecting, rising lines, labeled, 45 degrees, and C are plotted. The line labeled 45 degrees starts at (0, 0), and ends at (3,500, 3,500). The line labeled C, starts at (0, 500), intersects the first line at (2,000, 2,000), and ends at (3,500, 3,000). All values are estimated.
In the figure above, saving is positive at all income levels
In the given figure, saving is positive at all income levels. The graph shows two intersecting, rising lines, labeled 45 degrees, and C plotted on both axes ranging from 0 to 3,500 in increments of 500. The line labeled 45 degrees starts at (0, 0), and ends at (3,500, 3,500).
The line labeled C, starts at (0, 500), intersects the first line at (2,000, 2,000), and ends at (3,500, 3,000). All values are when the two lines intersect at the point (2,000, 2,000), it shows that at this level of income, saving is zero. Saving is positive above the point of intersection, and it indicates that people are saving more than they are consuming at these income levels.
Income and saving are directly proportional, and as income increases, the saving also increases. Therefore, it is concluded that saving is positive at all income levels in the given graph. In the given figure, saving is positive at all income levels
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How Behavioral economics help HR to decide which employee to
take to work? (Experience of workers how they affect
employer’s decision)
Behavioral economics helps HR in the employee selection process by considering the impact of individuals' experiences on employers' decisions.
It recognizes that human decision-making is influenced by biases, heuristics, framing, social influence, and risk preferences. HR can leverage this understanding by:
Mitigating biases: Being aware of cognitive biases, such as the halo effect or confirmation bias, HR can implement strategies to minimize their influence during candidate evaluation.
Framing information: HR can present job postings, interviews, and performance evaluations in a way that highlights relevant skills and experiences to shape candidates' perceptions.
Considering risk preferences: Understanding that individuals have different risk preferences, HR can assess how candidates' risk attitudes may impact their decision-making in roles that involve risk-taking or handling uncertainty.
Assessing social fit: Recognizing the impact of social dynamics, HR can evaluate candidates' compatibility with the team and organization culture, considering factors like collaboration skills and cultural fit.
Using incentives and nudges: By employing incentives and nudges, HR can influence desired behaviors among employees, creating a work environment that encourages productivity and positive outcomes.
Incorporating behavioral economics principles into HR practices allows organizations to make more informed decisions in selecting employees. It aligns the experiences, qualities, and preferences of candidates with job requirements and the organizational context, leading to better employee fits and increased overall performance.
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From the following information, prepare a Total Drs, Account as on 31st Dec., 1998: Debtors on 1-1-98 98,750 Bills Receivable received 42,500 Sales 3,64,000 Cash paid 1,000 Cash received 3,21,000 Discount allowed 12,500 Returns 1,800 Transfer to Bought Ledger 850 Bills dishonoured 7,500 The balances extracted from the Sales Ledger on 31-12-98 amounted to $ 93,000 and the company's Trial balance showed of $ 400. What conclusion would you draw from this difference?
To prepare the Total Drs (Debtors) Account as of December 31, 1998, we will summarize the transactions related to debtors during the year. Here's the calculation:
Opening balance of Debtors (January 1, 1998): $98,750
Add:
Bills Receivable received: $42,500
Sales: $364,000
Transfer to Bought Ledger: $850
Total Drs (Debtors) before adjustments: $506,100
Less:
Cash received: $321,000
Discount allowed: $12,500
Returns: $1,800
Bills dishonored: $7,500
Total Drs (Debtors) after adjustments: $163,300
Now, we need to account for the difference between the total Drs (Debtors) after adjustments ($163,300) and the balances extracted from the Sales Ledger on December 31, 1998 ($93,000). The difference is $70,300.
The conclusion we can draw from this difference is that there is a discrepancy between the sales ledger balance and the total debtors calculated. This could be due to various reasons such as errors in recording transactions, unrecorded sales, or misclassification of accounts. Further investigation and reconciliation are necessary to identify the cause of the discrepancy and correct the balances accordingly.
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