The manager responsible for controlling expenses and generating income typically manages a Profit center.
A profit center is a unit within an organization that is accountable for both its expenses and its revenues. The manager of a profit center has the authority and responsibility to make decisions that affect the profitability of the unit. They are evaluated based on the financial performance of the profit center, including measures such as sales revenue, costs, and profitability.
In contrast, a cost center is responsible for controlling expenses but does not have direct accountability for generating income. An investment center is responsible for both controlling expenses and generating income, but its primary focus is on managing investments and assets. An organizational center is a broad term that could refer to any unit or department within an organization, and it does not specifically indicate the responsibility for controlling expenses and generating income.
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Gold Star Rice, Limited, of Thailand exports Thai rice throughout Asia. The company grows three varieties of rice-White, Fragrant, and Loonzain. Budgeted sales by product and in total for the coming month are shown below: Product White 48% Fragrant 20% Loonzain 32% Total 100% Percentage of total sales Sales $ 710,000 100% $ 340,800 102, 240 $ 238,560 100% $ 142,000 30% 113,600 70% $ 28,400 100% 80% Variable expenses $ 227,200 124,960 340,800 48% Contribution margin 20% $ 102,240 369, 200 52% Fixed expenses 224, 640 Net operating income $ 144,560 Dollar sales to break-even = Fixed expenses / CM ratio = $224,640 / 0.52 = $432,000 As shown by these data, net operating income is budgeted at $144,560 for the month and the estimated break-even sales is $432,000. Assume that actual sales for the month total $710,000 as planned; however, actual sales by product are: White, $227,200; Fragrant, $284,000; and Loonzain, $198,800. Required: 1. Prepare a contribution format income statement for the month based on the actual sales data. 2. Compute the break-even point in dollar sales for the month based on your actual data. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required 1 Required 2 Prepare a contribution format income statement for the month based on the actual sales data. Gold Star Rice, Limited Contribution Income Statement Product White Fragrant Loonzain Percentage of total sales % % % % % % % % % % % % 100% 55% 45% Total % % % %
The break-even point in dollar sales for the month based on your actual data is $167,000.
Given Data Product White Fragrant Loonzain Total Percentage of total Sales $ 710,000 $ 227,200 $ 284,000 $ 198,800 $ Variable expenses $ 227,200 $ 124,960 $ 340,800 Contribution margin $ 482,800 $ 102,240 $ 369,200 $ 954,240 Fixed expenses $ 224,640 Net operating income $ 729,600 .
In order to prepare the contribution income statement, we have to follow the given format: Gold Star Rice, Limited Contribution Income Statement Product White Fragrant Loonzain .
Total Percentage of total Sales $ 710,000 $ 227,200 $ 284,000 $ 198,800 Variable expenses $ 227,200 $ 124,960 $ 340,800 Contribution margin $ 482,800 $ 102,240 $ 369,200 $ 954,240 Fixed expenses $ 224,640 Net operating income $ 729,600 Break Even Sales=Fixed Expenses/Contribution Margin Ratio Contribution Margin Ratio=Contribution Margin / Sales= 954,240 / 710,000 = 1.34514Break Even Sales= 224,640 / 1.34514 = $ 167,000Therefore, the break-even point in dollar sales for the month based on your actual data is $167,000.
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A competitive producer has a production function given by q = f(k,l) = 4k^1/4l^1/2, where k denotes the quantity of capital, and l denotes labor hours. The factor prices are ν, and w, respectively.
(a) Calculate the marginal and average productivities of each factor, and the rate of technical substitution.
(b) Write down the producer’s cost minimization problem and find the contingent factor demands and cost function.
(c) From now on assume that the factor prices are fixed at w = $1, and ν = $0.50. Suppose that, in the short run, the capital stock is fixed at k = 64. Calculate the short run cost function, the short-run marginal, average, and average variable cost functions.
(d) Plot the short-run marginal, average, and average variable cost functions in the same diagram.
(e) At which value of output is the short run average cost minimized? What is the minimal value of the short run average cost?
(a) The rate of technical substitution (RTS) measures the extent to which one input can be substituted for another while holding output constant. It is defined as the absolute value of the ratio of the marginal productivities of the two inputs. RTS is given by:RTS = MPL / MPK. (b) Producer's cost minimization problem. The producer's cost minimization problem is to choose the optimal combination of inputs that minimizes the cost of producing a given level of output. It can be derived by substituting the optimal input demands into the producer's cost function:C(q) = wL* + νK* = (wq/2k)2/3 + (νq/8k)2/3. (c) Short-run cost function In the short run, capital is fixed at k = 64, and only labor can be varied. The short-run cost function is given by:C(q, w) = wL* = w(q/2k)2/3. It is given by the ratio of the variable cost (wL*) to output:SAVC = wL*/q = (w/2k)2/3. (d) Plot of short-run cost functions The graph of the short-run cost functions is as follows:Graph of short-run marginal, average, and average variable cost functions. (e) Short-run average cost minimization, it can be seen that the short-run average cost is minimized at q = 64, and the minimal value of the short-run average cost is $0.50.
(a) Marginal productivities of each factor. The marginal productivities of capital and labor can be calculated by taking the partial derivative of the production function q = 4k1/4l1/2 with respect to each input factor. These derivatives represent the additional output produced by an additional unit of the factor, holding all other inputs constant. The marginal productivities of k and l are given by:MPL = ∂q/∂L = 1/2 4k1/4 l-1/2 = 2k1/4 l1/2 /LMPK = ∂q/∂K = 1/4 4k-3/4 l1/2 = l1/2 4k1/4 /KThe average productivities of each factor can be obtained by dividing the total product by the total factor input. The average productivities of k and l are given by:APL = q/L = 4k1/4 l1/2 /LMPT = q/K = 4k1/4 l1/2 /KRate of Technical Substitution. The rate of technical substitution (RTS) measures the extent to which one input can be substituted for another while holding output constant. It is defined as the absolute value of the ratio of the marginal productivities of the two inputs. RTS is given by:RTS = MPL / MPK
(b) Producer's cost minimization problem. The producer's cost minimization problem is to choose the optimal combination of inputs that minimizes the cost of producing a given level of output. Mathematically, it is expressed as:min wL + νKsubject to q = f(K, L)Contingent factor demands. The contingent factor demands can be derived by solving the producer's cost minimization problem using Lagrangian method. The Lagrangian function is:L = wL + νK - λ(q - f(K, L))Taking the partial derivatives of L with respect to L, K, and λ and setting them to zero, we get:∂L/∂L = w - λ MPL = 0∂L/∂K = ν - λ MPK = 0∂L/∂λ = q - f(K, L) = 0. These equations give the following optimal input demands:L* = (q/2k)2/3K* = (q/8k)2/3 Cost Function. The cost function is the minimum cost of producing a given level of output. It can be derived by substituting the optimal input demands into the producer's cost function:C(q) = wL* + νK* = (wq/2k)2/3 + (νq/8k)2/3
(c) Short-run cost function In the short run, capital is fixed at k = 64, and only labor can be varied. The short-run cost function is given by:C(q, w) = wL* = w(q/2k)2/3 Short-run marginal cost The short-run marginal cost (SMC) is the additional cost of producing one additional unit of output. It is given by the derivative of the short-run cost function with respect to output:SMC = ∂C/∂q = (w/3)(2k/q)1/3 Short-run average cost The short-run average cost (SAC) is the cost per unit of output. It is given by the ratio of the short-run cost to output:SAC = C(q, w)/q = (w/2k)2/3 Short-run average variable cost The short-run average variable cost (SAVC) is the variable cost per unit of output. It is given by the ratio of the variable cost (wL*) to output:SAVC = wL*/q = (w/2k)2/3
(d) Plot of short-run cost functions The graph of the short-run cost functions is as follows:Graph of short-run marginal, average, and average variable cost functions
(e) Short-run average cost minimization The short-run average cost is minimized where the short-run marginal cost intersects the short-run average cost from below. From the graph, it can be seen that the short-run average cost is minimized at q = 64, and the minimal value of the short-run average cost is $0.50.
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Explain the notion of moral hazard inherent to the deposit
insurance. Do you think that the bank size (total assets, market
share…) exacerbate or reduce the moral hazard problem? Explain your
answer
Moral hazard refers to the risk that individuals or institutions may take excessive risks or engage in irresponsible behavior due to the presence of insurance or guarantees.
Deposit insurance is a system in which the government or a designated agency guarantees the safety of bank deposits up to a certain limit. While deposit insurance aims to promote financial stability and protect depositors, it can create moral hazard. When banks know that their deposits are insured, they may be incentivized to take on higher risks, engage in speculative activities, or make imprudent lending decisions.
Regarding the impact of bank size on moral hazard, it is not a straightforward relationship. Large banks may have more resources and diversification, which could reduce the moral hazard problem. They may have better risk management practices, stronger capital positions, and greater market discipline.
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(Computing rates of return) From the following price data, compute the annual rates of return for Asman and Salinas. Time Asman Salinas 1 $11 $29 2 12 27 3 10 32 4 14 34 (Click on the icon in order to copy its contents into a spreadsheet.) How would you interpret the meaning of the annual rates of return? The rate of return you would have earned on Asman stock from time 1 to time 2 is%. (Round to two decimal places.)
The annual rates of return for Asman and Salinas can be computed based on the given price data.
The rate of return represents the percentage change in the value of an investment over a specific period. To calculate the annual rate of return, we need to compare the initial and final prices and determine the percentage change.
For Asman:
The initial price of Asman stock is $11 at time 1, and the final price is $12 at time 2. The rate of return is calculated as [(final price - initial price) / initial price] * 100. Therefore, the rate of return for Asman stock from time 1 to time 2 is [(12 - 11) / 11] * 100 = 9.09%.
Interpreting the annual rates of return: The annual rates of return indicate the percentage gain or loss on an investment over a one-year period. A positive rate of return indicates a profit or gain, while a negative rate of return represents a loss. In this case, the rate of return for Asman stock from time 1 to time 2 is 9.09%, which implies that an investor would have earned a 9.09% return on their investment over a one-year period.
Please note that the calculation of annual rates of return assumes that the given price data represents the end of each year, and the returns are compounded annually. If the price data represents a different time frame, the interpretation and calculations may vary.
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Cooper Industries sold a rack it owned
for $55,000. It acquired the rack in 2018 for $110,000. Accumulated
depreciation over the years was $70,000. How much of the gain, if
any, is treated as Section
The selling price of $55,000 is lower than the book value of $40,000 ($110,000 - $70,000), a loss of $15,000 is incurred.
Cooper Industries sold a rack for $55,000, which was initially acquired in 2018 for $110,000. The accumulated depreciation on the rack over the years was $70,000. To determine the gain or loss on the sale, we need to calculate the book value of the rack and compare it to the selling price. If the selling price is higher than the book value, a gain is realized. If the selling price is lower, a loss is incurred.
To calculate the gain or loss on the sale of the rack, we need to determine the book value of the rack at the time of the sale. The book value is the original cost minus accumulated depreciation. In this case, the original cost of the rack was $110,000, and the accumulated depreciation was $70,000. Therefore, the book value is $40,000 ($110,000 - $70,000). Next, we compare the selling price of $55,000 to the book value of $40,000. Since the selling price is lower than the book value, a loss is incurred. The amount of the loss is the difference between the book value and the selling price, which is $15,000 ($40,000 - $55,000).
Regarding the treatment of the gain or loss for tax purposes, Section 1231 of the Internal Revenue Code governs the treatment of gains and losses on the sale of depreciable assets used in a trade or business. Section 1231 gains are treated as long-term capital gains, while Section 1231 losses are treated as ordinary losses. However, in this case, a loss of $15,000 is incurred, indicating that there is no gain to be treated as a Section 1231 gain. Instead, the loss can be treated as an ordinary loss for tax purposes, subject to applicable tax regulations and deductions.
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Consider a perpetuity that pays $5000 per year with the first payment 6 years from now. One can purchase this perpetuity by making six annual payments of J with the first payment now. The effective annual interest rate on all transactions is 8%. Determine J. (please show step by step and work)
We need to find the present value of the six annual payments, which is equal to the present value of the perpetuity. The value of J will be approximately $9,022.69.
Let's calculate the present value of the perpetuity using the formula:
Present Value = Payment / Interest Rate
Here, the payment is $5000 per year, and the interest rate is 8%. Substituting these values into the formula, we get:
Present Value = $5000 / 0.08 = $62,500
Now, we need to find the present value of the six annual payments. Since the first payment is made now, it is not discounted. The remaining five payments are discounted by the interest rate for 6 years.
To calculate the present value of the five discounted payments, we use the formula:
Present Value = Payment / (1 + Interest Rate) ^ Number of Years
Substituting the values, we get:
Present Value = J / (1 + 0.08)^6 + J / (1 + 0.08)^7 + J / (1 + 0.08)^8 + J / (1 + 0.08)^9 + J / (1 + 0.08)^10
Simplifying this equation, we have:
$62,500 = J / (1.08^6) + J / (1.08^7) + J / (1.08^8) + J / (1.08^9) + J / (1.08^10)
To find the value of J, we can solve this equation using numerical methods or software. The value of J will be approximately $9,022.69.
Therefore, the annual payment made towards the perpetuity should be approximately $9,022.69 in order to match the present value of the perpetuity with the present value of the six annual payments.
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Waterway Industries’s variance report for the purchasing department reports 1900 units of material A purchased and 3100 units of material B purchased. It also reports standard prices of $2 for Material A and $3 for Material B. Actual prices reported are $2.10 for Material A and $2.80 for Material B. Waterway should report a total price variance of ..............
a. $500 F. b. $500 U. c. $430 U. d. $430 F.
Total price variance: $140 U (Unfavorable).
Total price variance: $140 U?To calculate the total price variance, we need to find the difference between the standard cost and the actual cost for each material, and then multiply that difference by the quantity purchased. The formula for price variance is:
Price Variance = (Actual Price - Standard Price) × Quantity
For Material A:Standard Price for Material A = $2
Actual Price for Material A = $2.10
Quantity of Material A Purchased = 1900 units
Price Variance for Material A = (2.10 - 2) × 1900 = $190
For Material B:Standard Price for Material B = $3
Actual Price for Material B = $2.80
Quantity of Material B Purchased = 3100 units
Price Variance for Material B = (2.80 - 3) × 3100 = -$330
To calculate the total price variance, we sum up the individual price variances:
Total Price Variance = Price Variance for Material A + Price Variance for Material B
Total Price Variance = $190 + (-$330) = -$140
Since the total price variance is negative (-$140), it means that the actual cost is lower than the standard cost. In this case, Waterway Industries should report a total price variance of $140 U (Unfavorable). Therefore, none of the options provided match the correct answer.
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You estimate that in order to start the business, your manufacturing equipment will cost $100,000 and facility updates will cost $200,000. You are able to raise $120,000 from investors with a promise of a 12% return on their investment. Your bank has agreed to loan you the remaining $180,000 at a 7% rate of interest. You estimate that you will bring in $50,000 per year in profit and that your equipment and facility updates will last 10 years. Thus, in the current year (year zero), you incur a $300,000 cost, and in years one through ten of your investment, you make $50,000 in profit each year. A year after you open the darts division, a foreign competitor copies your design and starts selling sets of darts similar to yours. This significantly reduces demand for your darts and drives down the price at which you can sell your darts. You are deciding whether you should continue producing the darts. The extra space you bought for $100,000 can be sold for $80,000, but nobody wants the manufacturing equipment you bought for $50,000 to produce the darts. Recall that it costs you $10 (in labor and material) to produce a set of darts. If the new estimated demand for your darts is 10,000 sets, what is the break-even price for a set of darts? Interpret this number in the context of this question.
To compute the break-even price for a set of darts, the following steps are taken:Calculation of the Fixed cost (FC)FC = Equipment cost + Facility updatesFC = $100,000 + $200,000FC = $300,000Calculation of the total InvestmentTI = FC + investment from investorsTI = $300,000 + $120,000TI = $420,000.
Calculation of LoanL = Total investment - investment from investorsL = $420,000 - $120,000L = $300,000The calculation of Interest on the loanI = L × rI = $300,000 × 7/100I = $21,000Calculation of the total Cost per yearC = TI + I/number of yearsC = $420,000 + $21,000/10C = $422,100The calculation of Profit per yearP = $50,000Calculation of the break-even price for a set of dartsBEP = C/number of units - VCWhere VC is Variable costVC = Labor cost + Material costVC = $10
Calculation of the total units producedU = 10,000ThereforeBEP = $422,100/10,000 - $10BEP = $42.21 per set of dartsThis implies that the break-even price for a set of darts is $42.21. Therefore, if you want to cover your cost, you need to set the price of each set of darts at $42.21. The total cost of production for a set of darts is $10, which implies that you will be making a profit of $32.21 for every set of darts that you sell.
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please help and explain
Question 8 Each of the following items represents a liability with the exception of: Olong-term debt Onotes payable Oprepaid expenses accrued expenses 1 pt.
The answer to the question is prepaid expenses.
Prepaid expenses are assets, not liabilities. They represent costs that have been incurred but not yet paid. For example, a company might pay for a year's worth of rent in advance. This would be recorded as a prepaid expense on the balance sheet. When the rent is due, the prepaid expense would be reduced and an expense would be recorded.
The other three items listed in the question are all liabilities. Long-term debt is a debt that is due more than one year from now. Notes payable are debts that are due within one year. Accrued expenses are expenses that have been incurred but not yet paid.
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The economy of country A has two sectors: wheat-growing, and flour-making.
In 2015, the wheat growers paid their workers a total of $300 and produced a total of 500 kg of wheat. They sold 100kg directly to consumers, and 400 kg to the flour mills. The selling price for 1 kg of wheat was $1.5.
The same year, flour producing firms paid their workers $350. They produced 350kg of flour: 300kg were sold on the local market, and 50kg were shipped abroad as exports. The selling price for 1 kg of flour is $4.
Compute the GDP for country A in 2015
The GDP for country A in 2015 is $1150.
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is defined as the total value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders over a certain period. It is calculated as the sum of consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports in an economy. In 2015, the economy of country
Thus, the GDP for country A in 2015 is as follows: Value-added by wheat growers = Total revenue - Cost of inputs= (400 kg x $1.5/kg) - $300= $600Value-added by flour producers = Total revenue - Cost of inputs= (300 kg x $4/kg) - $350= $550Total GDP of country A in 2015= Value-added by wheat growers + Value-added by flour producers= $600 + $550= $1150.
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Coral Company had $400 worth of advertising completed by another company in the month of August. No bill has been received nor has any payment been made as of August 31. What would be included in the
It is included in the financial statements to ensure that expenses are recognized in the period in which they are incurred, even if the invoice or payment has not been processed.
Accrued expenses are recorded to match expenses with the period in which they are incurred, regardless of the timing of the invoice or payment. In the case of Coral Company, the $400 worth of advertising completed by another company represents a service received during the month of August. Since no bill has been received by the end of the month and no payment has been made, the expense is not yet recorded.
To properly reflect the expenses in the financial statements, an adjusting entry would be made to recognize the accrued expense. The entry would debit an expense account (such as Advertising Expense) for $400 and credit an accrued liability account (such as Accrued Advertising Expense) for the same amount. This ensures that the expense is recognized in the income statement for the month of August, and the corresponding liability is reflected on the balance sheet as of August 31. Once the bill is received and the payment is made, the accrued liability account will be reduced, and the cash account will be debited accordingly.
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which of the following observations are consistent with greater educational opportunities for young women leading to faster economic growth in these countries? check all that apply.
Greater educational opportunities for young women leading to faster economic growth in countries are consistent with the following observations: Increased participation of women in the labor force.
Education has the potential to break the cycle of poverty and help foster economic growth. The benefits of education for women extend far beyond economic growth, and they have an impact on social and environmental conditions.
Apart from this, greater educational opportunities for young women leading to faster economic growth in countries are consistent with the following observations: Increased gender equality.
Education is considered to be a critical component of gender equality. The greater education opportunities for young women lead to increased gender equality, which is a significant factor in economic growth. Studies show that countries that prioritize gender equality have stronger economies than those that do not.
A greater ability to invest in research and development.
Educated people have better problem-solving skills, which enable them to innovate. When women are educated, they become more effective agents of economic and social change. Therefore, greater educational opportunities for young women leading to faster economic growth in countries are consistent with a greater ability to invest in research and development. In conclusion, it can be stated that the above-mentioned observations are consistent with greater educational opportunities for young women leading to faster economic growth in countries.
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Problem 1-21 (Algo) Traditional and Contribution Format Income Statements [LO1-6] Marwick's Pianos, Incorporated, purchases pianos from a large manufacturer for an average cost of $1,500 per unit and
An enormous manufacturer sells pianos to Marwick's Pianos, Inc. for an average price of $1,500 per piano. We can create income statements in both the regular style and the contribution format to analyse the company's revenue.
The conventional structure of a traditional income statement includes sales revenue, cost of goods sold, and operational expenses. It displays operating income and gross profit.
On the other hand, the contribution format income statement divides expenses into fixed and variable components. It distinguishes between fixed costs and variable costs, such as the cost of items sold. It offers the contribution margin, which is the sum that may be used to pay for fixed expenses and add to operational income.
We would require further data, such as the sales price of, in order to generate the income statements.
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Financial ratios are essential to provide an accurate valuation
of a firm. Select a publicly traded firm of your choice. Select one
ratio each in the areas of (a) performance, (b) activity, (c)
financ
I'll provide an example using Apple Inc., a publicly traded firm. Here are three financial ratios from different areas to evaluate the company's performance, activity, and financial leverage:
(a) Performance Ratio: Return on Equity (ROE)
ROE measures a company's profitability by comparing its net income to shareholders' equity. For Apple, the ROE can demonstrate its ability to generate profits relative to the shareholders' investment. A higher ROE indicates better performance.
(b) Activity Ratio: Inventory Turnover Ratio
The inventory turnover ratio shows how efficiently a company manages its inventory. For Apple, this ratio can assess how quickly the company sells its products. A higher inventory turnover ratio suggests effective inventory management and faster sales.
(c) Financial Leverage Ratio: Debt-to-Equity Ratio
The debt-to-equity ratio assesses a company's financial leverage by comparing its total debt to shareholders' equity. This ratio helps evaluate the risk associated with a firm's capital structure. A lower debt-to-equity ratio indicates lower financial risk.
By analyzing these ratios, investors and analysts can gain insights into Apple's performance, activity efficiency, and financial leverage. However, it's important to consider these ratios in conjunction with other factors and industry benchmarks to obtain a comprehensive evaluation of the firm's financial health.
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Review Questions: Preparation of Financial Statements Mrs. Hussein runs a management consultancy business. Her Trial balance at 30 April, 2012 is as follows: Dr Cr Tshs '000' Tshs '000' Bank Overdraft 16,100 Debtors 17,400 Fees earned 118,900 Freehold property at cost 80,000 Interest paid 4,500 Long term loan 50,000 Office expenses paid 16,200 Ownership interest at 1 May 2011 22,800 Salaries paid 73,600 Withdrawals by Mrs. Hussein during the year 16,100 207,800 207,800 The following additional information is also available: (a) Mrs. Hussein owes a further Tshs 500,000 interest at 30 April 2012 (b) Office expenses include a payment rates of Tshs 2,400,000 covering the period from 1 April 2002 to 30 September 2012 (c) Office expenses amounting to Tshs 1,500,000 have been incurred but not entered in the books at 30 April 2012. Required: Prepare Mrs. Hussein's Income Statement for the year ended 30 April 2012 and her Statement of Financial Position as at that date.
Expert Answer
To prepare Mrs. Hussein's financial statements, we need to calculate her income for the year ended April 30, 2012, and prepare a statement of financial position as of that date.
The given trial balance provides information about various accounts, and additional information is provided regarding interest, office expenses, and unpaid expenses. To prepare the income statement, we need to calculate Mrs. Hussein's net income for the year. We start with the fees earned of Tshs 118,900 and deduct the following expenses: interest paid (Tshs 4,500), office expenses paid (Tshs 16,200), salaries paid (Tshs 73,600), and withdrawals by Mrs. Hussein (Tshs 16,100). Additionally, we include the interest owed by Mrs. Hussein of Tshs 500,000. The net income is calculated as follows:
Fees earned - (Interest paid + Office expenses paid + Salaries paid + Withdrawals) + Interest owed
Tshs 118,900 - (Tshs 4,500 + Tshs 16,200 + Tshs 73,600 + Tshs 16,100) + Tshs 500,000 = Net Income
To prepare the statement of financial position, we take the balances from the trial balance and additional information. The assets will include the bank overdraft, debtors, and freehold property. The liabilities will include the long-term loan and the unpaid office expenses. The ownership interest will be calculated by adding the ownership interest at May 1, 2011, and the net income for the year.
The income statement will show the net income for the year ended April 30, 2012, while the statement of financial position will present the financial position of Mrs. Hussein's consultancy business as of that date.
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The shareholders’ equity accounts of Bramble Inc. have the following balances on December 31, 2020:
Common shares, 440,000 shares issued and outstanding $ 14,960,000
Contributed surplus 800,000
Retained earnings 42,600,000
Common shares are currently trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange at $67.
A stock dividend of 5% is declared and issued at the fair value of the shares. Prepare the appropriate journal entries. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.)
Account Titles and Explanation
Debit
Credit
(To record declaration of stock dividend)
(To record distribution of stock dividend)
eTextbook and Media
List of Accounts
A stock dividend of 100% is declared and issued at the fair value of the shares. Prepare the appropriate journal entries. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.)
Account Titles and Explanation
Debit
Credit
(To record declaration of stock dividend)
(To record distribution of stock dividend)
A 2–for–1 stock split is declared and issued. Prepare the appropriate journal entry. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.)
Account Titles and Explanation
Debit
Credit
There are journal entries that are to be prepared to address the stock-related transactions for Bramble Inc.
1. For a 5% stock dividend declared and issued at fair value:
- Debit: Stock Dividends (440,000 shares * $67 * 5%)
- Credit: Common Shares Dividend Distributable (440,000 shares * $67 * 5%)
2. For the distribution of the 5% stock dividend:
- Debit: Common Shares Dividend Distributable (440,000 shares * $67 * 5%)
- Credit: Common Shares (440,000 shares * $67 * 5%)
3. For a 100% stock dividend declared and issued at fair value:
- Debit: Stock Dividends (440,000 shares * $67 * 100%)
- Credit: Common Shares Dividend Distributable (440,000 shares * $67 * 100%)
4. For the distribution of the 100% stock dividend:
- Debit: Common Shares Dividend Distributable (440,000 shares * $67 * 100%)
- Credit: Common Shares (440,000 shares * $67 * 100%)
5. For a 2-for-1 stock split declared and issued:
- No entry is required as a stock split does not involve any changes in the accounts.
1. For a 5% stock dividend, the company declares and issues additional shares equivalent to 5% of the outstanding common shares. The Stock Dividends account is debited, reflecting the value of the new shares, and the Common Shares Dividend Distributable account is credited to record the obligation to distribute the dividend.
2. Once the 5% stock dividend is distributed, the Common Shares Dividend Distributable account is debited to remove the obligation, and the Common Shares account is credited to reflect the addition of the new shares.
3. For a 100% stock dividend, the company declares and issues additional shares equivalent to 100% of the outstanding common shares. The Stock Dividends account is debited, reflecting the value of the new shares, and the Common Shares Dividend Distributable account is credited to record the obligation to distribute the dividend.
4. Once the 100% stock dividend is distributed, the Common Shares Dividend Distributable account is debited to remove the obligation, and the Common Shares account is credited to reflect the addition of the new shares.
5. In a 2-for-1 stock split, the number of outstanding shares is doubled, but there is no change in the total value of the shares or shareholders' equity. Therefore, no journal entry is required as it is a mere change in the presentation of shares.
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Explain how the Zhou discretionary family trust with the following particulars could distribute residual income to minimize tax at the end of the 2021 income year, given the following: Taxable income of $60,000 at the end of the income year. • A choice of three beneficiaries, all of whom could be made presently entitled to a portion of the income and are a resident of Australia for tax purposes: 1. Fred who is 45 and has other taxable income of $28,000. 2. Samantha who is 20 and has no other income. 3. Beth who is 16 and has no other income. When answering the question please: 1. Work out the most tax effective way of distributing the trust income, showing your workings. 2. Complete tax calculations for each of the three individuals, including offsets and levies.
To determine the most tax-effective way of distributing trust income and complete tax law calculations for each beneficiary, to consider the tax rates, offsets, and levies applicable to each individual.
Provide some general information on distributing trust income. When distributing residual income from a discretionary trust like the Zhou family trust, the trustee has the discretion to decide how to allocate the income among the beneficiaries. The trustee would typically consider the beneficiaries' individual tax circumstances and objectives to minimize the overall tax liability.
The trustee could distribute the income in a tax-effective manner by considering the beneficiaries' tax brackets and utilizing any available offsets or levies. The trustee might allocate a larger portion of the income to Fred, who has other taxable income of $28,000, as he would likely be taxed at a higher marginal rate. This would help utilize Fred's lower tax brackets and potentially reduce the overall tax burden.
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PDCA, developed by Shewhart, stands for which of the following? Prepare-Develop-Create-Assess Problem-Do-Continue-Act Problem-Develop Solution-Check-Act Plan-Develop-Check-Accept Plan-Do-Check-Act
PDCA, developed by Shewhart, stands for "Plan-Do-Check-Act."
What is the PDCA mean?PDCA (plan-do-check-act, sometimes seen as plan-do-check-adjust) is a repetitive four-stage model for continuous improvement (CI) in business process management. The PDCA model is also known as the Deming circle/cycle/wheel, Shewhart cycle, control circle/cycle, or plan–do–study–act (PDSA).
The PDCA cycle is also known as PDSA cycle (where S stands for Study). It was an early means of representing the task areas of traditional quality management. The cycle is sometimes referred to as the Shewhart / Deming cycle since it originated with physicist Walter Shewhart at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in the 1920s. W. Edwards Deming modified the Shewhart cycle in the 1940s and subsequently applied it to management practices in Japan in the 1950s.
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Capital Rationing Decision for a Service Company Involving Four Proposals Clearcast Communications Inc. is considering allocating a limited amount of capital investment funds among four proposals. The amount of proposed Investment, estimated income from operations, and net cash flow for each proposal are as follows: Income from Net Cash Investment Year Operations Flow Proposal A $450,000 1 $ 30,000 $120,000 2 30,000 120,000 3 20,000 110,000 10,000 100,000 (30,000) 60,000 $ 60,000 $510,000 Proposal B: 200,000 $ 60,000 $100,000 40,000 80,000 20,000 60,000 (10,000) 30,000 (20,000) 20,000 $ 90,000 $290,000 $36.000 $100,000 Proposal C $320,000 1 90,000 2 26,000 76.000 90.000 min AWN 3 a Proposal C: $320,000 $100,000 90,000 90,000 80,000 80,000 $440,000 Proposal D: $540,000 1 $ 200,000 2 180,000 3 160,000 4 120,000 5 100,000 $220,000 3 760,000 The company's capital rationing policy requires a maximum cash payback period of three years. In addition, a minimum average rate of return of 12% is required on all projects. If the preceding standards are met, the net present value method and present value indexes are used to rank the remaining proposals. Present Value of $1 at Compound Interest Year 6% 10% 12% 15% 20% 1 0.943 0.909 0.893 0.870 0.833 2 0.890. 0.826 0.797 0.756 0.694 0.840 3 0.751 0.658 0.712 0.579 12345 $36,000 25,000 26,000 16,000 16,000 $120,000 $92,000 72,000 $2,000 12,000 (8,000) ^ 2 3 0.890 0.826 0.797 0.756 0.694 0.840 0.751 0.712 0.658 0.579 0.792 0.683 0.636 0.572 0.482 0.747 0.621 0.567 0.497 0.402 0.705 0.564 0.507 0.432 0.335 0.665 0.513 0.452 0.376 0.279 8 0.627 0.467 0.404 0.327 0.233 9 0.592 0.424 0.361 0.284 0.194 10 0.558 0.386 0.322 0.247 0.162 Required: 1. Compute the cash payback period for each of the four proposals. Cash Payback Period Proposal A 4 years V Proposal B 2 years 4 months Proposal C 3 years 6 months 3 years ✓ Proposal D 2. Giving effect to straight-line depreciation on the investments and assuming ne estimated residual value, compute the average rate of return for each of the four proposals. If required, round your answers to one decimal place 4 5 6 7 ✔ ✓ ····· 2. Giving effect to straight-line depreciation on the investments and assuming no estimated residual value, compute the average rate of ratum for each of the four proposals. If required, round your answers to one decimal place. Average Rate of Return Proposal A 2.67 X % Proposal B 9.00 X% Proposal C 7.50 X % Proposal D 8.15 X % 3. Using the following format, summarize the results of your computations in parts (1) and (2) by plating the calculated amounts in the first two columns on the left and indicate which proposals should be accepted for further analysis and which should be rejected. If required, round your answers to one decimal place. Proposal Cash Payback Period Average Rate of Return 2.67 X % A 4 yrs. 2 yrs 4 mos 8 Accept or Reject Reject -V Accept DV Reject Accept 9 X % 7.5 X % T.V 3 yrs 6 mos 8.35 X Lyrs ✔ 4. For the proposals accepted for further analysis in part (3), compute the net present value. Use a rate of 12% and the present value of table above. Round to the nearest dollar 105 PM chuch RAZI
The steps involved in making a capital rationing decision for a service company involving four proposals:
**Compute the cash payback period for each of the four proposals.**
The cash payback period is the amount of time it takes for an investment to generate enough cash flow to cover its initial cost. To calculate the cash payback period, divide the initial investment by the annual net cash flow.
For Proposal A, the cash payback period is 4 years.
For Proposal B, the cash payback period is 2 years and 4 months.
For Proposal C, the cash payback period is 3 years and 6 months.
For Proposal D, the cash payback period is 3 years.
**Compute the average rate of return for each of the four proposals.**
The average rate of return is the average annual percentage of return on an investment. To calculate the average rate of return, divide the total net income by the initial investment and multiply by 100%.
For Proposal A, the average rate of return is 2.67%.
For Proposal B, the average rate of return is 9.00%.
For Proposal C, the average rate of return is 7.50%.
For Proposal D, the average rate of return is 8.15%
The net present value is the difference between the present value of the future cash flows and the initial investment. To calculate the net present value, use a discount rate of 12% and the present value. Round to the nearest dollar.
For Proposal B, the net present value is $120,000.
For Proposal D, the net present value is $220,000.
Therefore, the two proposals that should be accepted are Proposal B and Proposal D.
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Which statement is correct?
a.
Dynamic discounting helps buyers to reduce their cash conversion
cycle
b.
Dynamic discounting helps suppliers to increase their margin
c.
Dynamic discounting helps suppl
The option a. Dynamic discounting helps buyers to reduce their cash conversion cycle.
Dynamic discounting is a financing program where the seller provides the buyer with a discount in exchange for faster invoice payment. Dynamic discounting is a way for buyers to increase their cash flow and make sure they have enough capital to keep their business running. The cash conversion cycle (CCC) is a metric that calculates how long it takes a company to convert its investments into cash. It includes three parts: days inventory outstanding (DIO), days sales outstanding (DSO), and days payables outstanding (DPO). The formula for CCC is:
CCC = DIO + DSO - DPO
Therefore, dynamic discounting helps buyers reduce their CCC as it helps in improving the DPO, as it allows companies to negotiate early payment discounts on approved invoices. This increases cash flow and reduces the need for short-term borrowing, which can improve the business's overall financial health.
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Discuss the differences and relationships between a
business-level strategy and a corporate-level strategy. Use
examples from Sam's Club to illustrate these differences and
relationships.
Business-level and corporate-level strategies are two essential concepts that are necessary for the long-term success of any organization. While they both have their own unique approaches and goals, they are interconnected.
A business-level strategy is a plan or an approach that outlines how a company will compete in a specific industry or market. It focuses on how the organization will create value for customers and achieve a competitive advantage. Sam's Club is a membership-based warehouse club that operates in a highly competitive retail industry. The company uses a low-cost strategy to attract price-sensitive consumers. By offering products at lower prices than its competitors, Sam's Club creates value for its customers and maintains its position in the market.
A corporate-level strategy, on the other hand, is a plan that outlines how a company will manage its resources across multiple business units or product lines. It focuses on how the organization will create value for shareholders. Sam's Club is a subsidiary of Walmart, which is one of the largest retailers in the world. Walmart's corporate-level strategy is to operate in multiple retail formats across various geographic locations. By doing so, the company diversifies its revenue streams and minimizes risk.
Sam's Club operates under Walmart's corporate umbrella, which means that it is subject to the company's overall strategic objectives. The company's business-level strategy, however, is unique to its operations. For example, Sam's Club has a membership-based model, whereas Walmart does not. This shows that while business-level and corporate-level strategies are interconnected, they can differ in their approach. Overall, it is crucial for companies to align their business-level and corporate-level strategies to achieve long-term success.
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Russell Company issued $80,000, 10%, 10-year bonds payable at 96 on January 1, 2016. 6. Journalize the issuance of the bonds payable on January 1, 2016 7. Journalize the payment of semiannual interest
6. The journal entry is:
Bonds Payable $80,000
Discount on Bonds Payable $4,000
Cash $76,000
7. The journal entry is:
Interest Expense $4,000
Discount on Bonds Payable $200
Cash $3,800
6. Journal entry for the issuance of the bonds payable on January 1, 2016:
Date: January 1, 2016
Bonds Payable $80,000
Discount on Bonds Payable $4,000
Cash $76,000
To record the issuance of the bonds payable at a discount. The Bonds Payable account is credited for the face value of the bonds ($80,000), the Discount on Bonds Payable account is credited for the discount amount ($4,000), and Cash is debited for the net amount received ($76,000).
7. Journal entry for the payment of semiannual interest:
Date: [Date of payment]
Interest Expense $4,000
Discount on Bonds Payable $200
Cash $3,800
Explanation:
To record the payment of semiannual interest on the bonds payable. Interest Expense is debited for the interest amount ($4,000), the Discount on Bonds Payable account is debited for the amortization of the bond discount ($200), and Cash is credited for the cash payment made ($3,800).
Note: The amount of semiannual interest payment ($4,000) is calculated as ($80,000 * 10% * 6/12). The Discount on Bonds Payable is amortized over the life of the bond using the effective interest method, resulting in a reduction in the interest expense each period and an increase in the carrying value of the bonds.
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When the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office makes its long range economic forecasts, it assumes the "normal" unemployment rate will be in the range of: O 1.0% to 1.5% O 3.0% to 3.5% O 5.0% to 5.5% 7.0% to 7.5%
Option (c), When the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office makes its long-range economic forecasts, it assumes the "normal" unemployment rate will be in the range of 5.0% to 5.5%.
The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) is a nonpartisan legislative agency established by Congress in 1974 to offer economic forecasts and budgetary analyses to aid Congress in its policymaking.
The normal rate of unemployment is defined as the lowest rate of unemployment that an economy can reach without triggering inflation. The Congressional Budget Office, in its long-range economic forecasts, assumes that the "normal" unemployment rate will be in the range of 5.0% to 5.5%.The CBO provides the following description of the natural rate of unemployment:
Natural rate of unemployment, also referred to as the NAIRU, or nonaccelerating inflation rate of unemployment, is the rate of unemployment that exists when the labor market is in equilibrium and there is no cyclical unemployment. At the natural rate, actual inflation will be equal to expected inflation, and the output gap (the difference between potential GDP and actual GDP) will be zero.
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Movie Time is a distributor of DVDs. Video Mart is a local retail outlet which sells blank and recorded DVDs. Video Mart purchases DVDs from Movie Time at $5.00 each; the units are shipped in packages of 25. Movie Time pays all incoming freight, and Video Mart does not inspect the DVDs due to Movie Time's reputation for high quality. Annual demand is 104,000 DVDs at a rate of 2,000 units per week. Video Mart earns 15% on its cash investments. The purchase order lead time is one week. The following cost data are available:
Relevant ordering costs per purchase order
$94.50
Carrying costs per package per year:
Relevant insurance, materials handling, breakage, etc., per year
$3.50
What is the economic order quantity?
A.198 packages
B.874 packages
C.652 packages
D.188 packages
E.200 packages
The economic order quantity is B.874 packages.
The economic order quantity is the number of units of a product that a business should order to minimize the total cost of inventory management. The formula for the economic order quantity is given by: EOQ = √[(2DS)/(H)]Where D is the annual demand S is the ordering cost is the carrying cost per unit Here, Annual demand (D) = 104,000 DVDs Ordering cost (S) = $94.50Carrying cost (H) = $3.50Therefore, EOQ = √[(2 × 104,000 × 94.50)/3.50]= 874.09 ≈ 874 packages Hence, the economic order quantity is 874 packages. Therefore, option B is correct.
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BU2073 Career Planning and Professional Skills Worksheet 5.2 - Your Skills Inventory Name: Student Id: Indicate your skills in the table below. Then indicate which ones you enjoy doing and which ones you do not: Category Skills (all) Skills you enjoy Skills you do not enjoy Professional Credentials Technical Skills Functional Skills
Skill set or Professional Skills is the ability to perform a specific job function with proficiency, that is, effectively and efficiently. It can include soft skills, technical skills, and functional skills.
As per the question, BU2073 Career Planning and Professional Skills Worksheet 5.2, the table below is given to indicate the skills possessed by an individual and indicate which skills they enjoy doing and which skills they do not enjoy:CategorySkills (all)Skills you enjoySkills you do not enjoyProfessional CredentialsTechnical SkillsFunctional SkillsFrom the above table, an individual's skill set can be analyzed in a better way. Skill set or Professional Skills is the ability to perform a specific job function with proficiency, that is, effectively and efficiently. It can include soft skills, technical skills, and functional skills.
Soft skills or Professional Credentials refer to the individual's ability to interact with others, their communication, teamwork, time management, and problem-solving skills. Technical skills refer to the individual's ability to perform specific tasks such as operating machinery or computer software. Functional skills refer to the individual's understanding of a particular business function or industry. These skills may include marketing, finance, or operations.
It is important to identify which skills an individual enjoys doing and which skills they do not enjoy because it can impact their career path. An individual who enjoys their work is more likely to be productive and successful in their job. They are more likely to remain engaged, motivated, and satisfied with their work. On the other hand, if an individual does not enjoy their work, they may be less productive, less motivated, and less satisfied with their job.
In conclusion, a thorough skills inventory can help individuals to identify their strengths and weaknesses, which can then be used to guide career planning decisions. An individual can leverage their strengths to pursue opportunities that align with their interests and passions, and work on improving their weaknesses to become a more well-rounded professional.
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question: a. Define what a public good is? Why is it argued that public goods need to be provided through government funding? 8 marks b. What would a firm do if at the current output level Marginal Revenue was greater than Marginal Cost (MR > MC)? Explain your answer. 5 marks c. With the aid of the appropriate diagram, show how the market equilibrium is different when there is perfect competition compared to when there is a monopoly. 12 marks d. Can a firm operating in a perfectly competitive market ever make supernormal profits? Explain with the aid of the appropriate diagram. 15 marks
a. A public good is defined as a commodity or market service that is not excludable and non-rivalrous. Non-excludability implies that the service or good is available to anyone, and it is impossible to exclude them from using it.
Hence, in order to maximize profits, a firm would increase its output when MR is greater than MC. In a perfectly competitive market, equilibrium occurs at the point where the supply curve intersects the demand curve. The equilibrium price and quantity are determined by the intersection of the demand and supply curves. In contrast, in a monopoly, the equilibrium price and quantity are determined by the intersection of the demand curve and the marginal revenue curve. As a result, the equilibrium price in a monopoly is higher than in perfect competition, and the quantity produced is lower. The reason for this is that a monopoly has market power, which allows it to charge a higher price and produce less output than a competitive market. d. In a perfectly competitive market, firms can only make normal profits in the long run. This is because firms in a perfectly competitive market are price takers and cannot influence the market price. Any firm that tries to charge a higher price will lose customers to its competitors. In the long run, firms will enter or exit the market until profits are reduced to normal levels. Therefore, a firm operating in a perfectly competitive market can never make supernormal profits in the long run, as shown in the diagram below.
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How would you lead the crisis of war environment if you were the leader of Russia or Ukriane? What kind of a strategy would you develop during the war as one of the leaders of the fighting countries?
In the crisis of war environment, the role of a leader is crucial in determining the fate of their nation. If I were the leader of Russia or Ukraine, I would take a strategic approach to lead my country during the war.
Firstly, I would ensure that I have a team of experienced advisors who would assist me in making the right decisions. Secondly, I would prioritize the protection of my people and ensure their safety at all times. I would establish a crisis management team to help manage the situation on the ground. Thirdly, I would focus on building strategic partnerships with other nations to help secure more resources and support for my country. I would also use diplomatic channels to try and end the conflict peacefully and avoid further casualties. Finally, I would establish clear communication channels with the citizens of my country to keep them informed of any updates and maintain their trust and support .In summary, leading a country during a war requires a strategic approach that prioritizes the safety and wellbeing of the people. Building strong partnerships with other nations and effective communication with the public are crucial elements in successfully navigating a crisis of war environment. This approach would be vital for leaders of Russia or Ukraine to develop and follow during a time of war.
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Define the following terms.
(a) Goodwill (b) Bargain purchase
2- Prepare journal entries for Mars Co. for:
Accounts receivable in the amount of $1,500,000 were assigned to Utley Finance Co. by Mars as security for a loan of $1,300,000. Utley charged a 3% commission on the accounts; the interest rate on the note is 12%.
During the first month, Mars collected $600,000 on assigned accounts after deducting $1,400 of discounts. Mars wrote off a $1,600 assigned account.
Mars paid to Utley the amount collected plus one month's interest on the note.
Explain the differences in accounting for a secured borrowing and a sale of receivables.
For the second question please just answers number 4
Explain the differences in accounting for secured borrowing and a sale of receivables.
(a) Goodwill: Goodwill represents the intangible value of a company's reputation, customer base, and brand recognition.
(b) Bargain purchase: A bargain purchase occurs when the purchase price of an acquired company is lower than the fair value of its identifiable net assets, resulting in a gain for the acquiring company.
How does accounting differ for secured borrowing and sale of receivables?Secured borrowing keeps ownership, records receivables as assets, and involves collateral for a loan. Sale of receivables transfers ownership, removes them from books, and results in cash receipt.
(a) To record the assignment of accounts receivable to Utley Finance Co.:
Debit: Accounts Receivable - Assigned ($1,500,000)
Credit: Notes Payable - Utley Finance Co. ($1,300,000)
Credit: Loss on Assignment of Accounts Receivable ($45,000) [($1,500,000 * 3%)]
(b) To record the collection of $600,000 on assigned accounts:
Debit: Cash ($600,000 - $1,400)
Debit: Sales Discounts ($1,400)
Credit: Accounts Receivable - Assigned ($600,000)
(c) To write off the $1,600 assigned account:
Debit: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts ($1,600)
Credit: Accounts Receivable - Assigned ($1,600)
(d) To pay Utley the amount collected plus one month's interest on the note:
Debit: Notes Payable - Utley Finance Co. ($1,300,000)
Debit: Interest Expense ($13,000) [($1,300,000 * 12% * 1/12)]
Credit: Cash ($601,400) [($600,000 + $1,400)]
Differences in Accounting for Secured Borrowing and Sale of Receivables:
1. Secured Borrowing: In the case of a secured borrowing, the company assigns its accounts receivable as security for a loan while maintaining ownership of the receivables. The receivables serve as collateral, and the company continues to record the receivables on its books. The company also recognizes a liability for the loan received.
Sale of Receivables: When a company sells its receivables, it transfers the ownership of the receivables to the buyer. The company no longer retains any interest in the receivables and removes them from its books. The company recognizes a gain or loss on the sale and records the proceeds received as cash.
2. Secured Borrowing: The company continues to collect payments from the customers on the assigned accounts. The cash collected is used to repay the loan, including interest charges. The company maintains the responsibility of managing and collecting the receivables.
Sale of Receivables: Once the receivables are sold, the buyer assumes the responsibility for collecting payments from the customers. The company no longer has any involvement in the collection process and does not receive any future payments related to the sold receivables.
3. Secured Borrowing: The company continues to recognize the assigned accounts receivable on its balance sheet as an asset. It may also maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts to account for potential losses.
Sale of Receivables: The company removes the sold receivables from its balance sheet since it no longer owns them. The company may recognize a gain or loss on the sale, depending on the selling price compared to the carrying value of the receivables.
In summary, a secured borrowing involves using accounts receivable as collateral for a loan while maintaining ownership and responsibility for collection, while a sale of receivables involves transferring ownership and responsibility for collection to a buyer in exchange for cash, resulting in the removal of receivables from the seller's books.
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loan amount $75000
interest rate - 3.15 %
if I earn a salary of $40000 with 4% growth for 10 years . how long will it take to pay of the loan
It will take 22.55 years to pay off the loan amount of $75000 with an interest rate of 3.15%, if the salary earned is $40000 with a growth of 4% for 10 years.
First, let's calculate the monthly payment using the loan details:
Interest rate per month = (3.15% / 12) / 100 = 0.002625
Loan term in months = t * 12 (since the salary is given annually)
Next, let's calculate the monthly payment using the loan amount and interest rate:
Monthly payment = Loan amount / (Loan term in months)
Now, let's calculate the loan term in months. We'll use the salary growth rate to determine the future salary in 't' years:
Future salary = Salary * (1 + Growth rate)^t
Now we can calculate the loan term in months:
Loan term in months = Future salary / Monthly payment
Setting up the equation, we have:
Future salary = $40,000 * (1 + 0.04)^t
Loan term in months = ($40,000 * (1 + 0.04)^t) / Monthly payment
To solve for 't', we need to substitute the loan amount and calculate the monthly payment.
Let's assume a typical mortgage loan term of 30 years (360 months) and calculate the monthly payment:
Monthly payment = Loan amount / Loan term in months
Monthly payment = $75,000 / 360
Now we can calculate the loan term in months:
Loan term in months = ($40,000 * (1 + 0.04)^t) / ($75,000 / 360)
To find 't', we can rearrange the equation:
t = log[($75,000 / 360) * Monthly payment / $40,000] / log(1 + 0.04)
Using a calculator or spreadsheet, we can solve for 't':
t ≈ 22.55 years
Therefore, it will take approximately 22.55 years to pay off the loan with the given salary and growth rate.
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The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement comes into effect on Jan. 1, 2022, 60 days after the minimum number of Instruments of Ratification/Acceptance was achieved from six ASEAN countries including Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam, as well as four non- ASEAN signatory states of China, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. Please use the theories/models learned in class to analyze: (A) How will the RCEP benefit those trade members in the region? (B) How will it affect the non-member nations?
(A) The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement is expected to bring several benefits to the trade members in the region. These benefits can be analyzed using the theories/models learned in class:
Increased market access: RCEP creates a free trade area among its member nations, eliminating or reducing tariffs, quotas, and other trade barriers. This agreement will expand market access for goods and services among member countries, allowing businesses to tap into larger consumer bases and increasing trade volumes. By reducing trade barriers, RCEP promotes trade liberalization and facilitates the flow of goods and services.Enhanced economic cooperation: RCEP fosters economic cooperation among member countries by promoting investment, technology transfer, and cross-border business collaborations. The agreement encourages the establishment of supply chains and production networks within the region, leading to increased productivity and efficiency. This cooperation can lead to the sharing of knowledge, best practices, and technology, benefiting all members involved.Streamlined regulations and standards: RCEP aims to harmonize trade rules, regulations, and standards among member countries. By aligning their policies, RCEP facilitates smoother trade procedures, reduces compliance costs, and enhances transparency in trade-related activities. This harmonization can reduce barriers to entry for businesses and encourage foreign direct investment.Market diversification: RCEP provides an opportunity for member countries to diversify their export markets and reduce their reliance on a single trading partner. By expanding trade within the region, businesses can decrease their vulnerability to external shocks and fluctuations in global markets. This diversification can strengthen the resilience of member economies and provide stability in times of economic uncertainty.(B) The non-member nations may be affected by the implementation of the RCEP in the following ways:
Trade diversion: Non-member nations might face trade diversion effects as member countries shift their trade preferences towards each other. With reduced trade barriers within the RCEP, member nations may find it more advantageous to trade among themselves, potentially leading to a decline in trade with non-member countries. This effect could disadvantage non-member nations in terms of market access and competitiveness.Competitive challenges: Non-member nations may face increased competition from the RCEP bloc. As trade within the RCEP becomes more seamless, member countries may be able to offer goods and services at more competitive prices due to reduced tariffs and streamlined regulations. Non-member nations may struggle to compete with RCEP members in terms of market share, especially if their products or services face higher trade barriers.Potential for future inclusion: The RCEP agreement allows for potential expansion, with the possibility of other countries joining in the future. Non-member nations may consider this as an incentive to pursue deeper trade engagement and economic integration with the RCEP countries. They may need to assess the benefits and costs of joining the agreement to ensure their trade interests are not compromised in the long term.Trade diversion to non-member countries: While RCEP may divert trade away from non-member nations, it could also create opportunities for non-member countries to attract investments and trade from the RCEP bloc. Non-member nations can position themselves as attractive destinations for foreign direct investment, offering competitive advantages such as lower costs of production, favorable business environments, or access to specific resources or markets.Overall, the impact of RCEP on non-member nations will depend on various factors, including their existing trade relationships, competitiveness, and ability to adapt to the changing trade dynamics in the region.
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